Wine and Beer in the Daily l.ife and Religion of the Ancient Orientals, n? 



By the side of Hathor appears the groddess Menqet, as 

 a beer-goddess of the Egyptians. Menqet is mentioned as 

 a vegetation divinity, and as such she is orthographically 

 connected with a tree. But later she is shown as a woman 

 holding two (beer.^-)jars. She is often described as maker or 

 giver of beer, f. i., "Menqet, the goddess who makes beer", 



^WM 8 C)^ "O Menqet, give me beerl", 



^ S\ ^^ U Si) "^ 8 K' "^^>' Menqet give thee beer", 



AAAAAA O H C^K A ^^^ 



The Classical writers most frequently identified Osiris 

 with Dionysos^ Herodotus states "Odipiq 8s eCrl AiovoCoq 

 Kara, E/.Ad8a yXcb(j(5av. The identification of the two gods 

 was undoubtedly due to the similarity of the rites of the 

 Anthesteria (dvx^ecJnpia) to those Egyptian festivals which 

 took place in the month Choiak, commemorating the passion 

 and resurrection of Osiris. The holy plant of Osiris as well as 

 of Dionysos was the ivy^, but also the vine. The reproduction 



ao 



I 11. aaaaaaH I 



raTU?, ,,-i:ioH Q 





^ E^ (read mvh) ,_fU. ^ 



i) Rec. XXIII, p. 167. 



2) Lieblein, Livre que inon noni fleurisse, XXXIII, i6. 



3) ^^g- '^; 50. P- 42. 



4) See further De Morgan, Ombos, No. 112; Mariette, Dendera, IV, 6, [5; 

 Piehl, in Melanges Charles de Harlez, y. 222; v. Bergmann, Biuh vom Dtirch- 

 wandeln, 1. 71. 



5) Diod. I, II, 13 fi-., 96; IV, i; Plutarch, de Jside 17, 28, 34 flf., 37 ; Ti- 

 bull. I, 7, 29 ff.; Anson, ep., 2930; Die Cass. 50, 5, 26; CIG, 4893; Tertull., 

 cor. 7, etc. 



6) Plutarch, de hide 37. According to Plutarch the ivy was called by 

 the Egyptians xev6aipi;, or the "plant of Osiris"; cf. Diod. I, 17, 19. 



Lutz, X'iticulture and Brewing. 8 



