140 Lutz, Viticulture and Brewing. 



Wiedemann, in OLZ, I90I, Vol. IV, 7 drew attention to 

 the fact that the Armenian tubes for sucking beer differed 

 in so far from those used in Egypt, as Xenophon states regard- 

 ing the Armenian KccXap-Oi: yovara ouk 8)(ovr8q, while the 

 Eg)^ptian tubes possessed the yovu. Drinking-tubes were pro- 

 bably used in order to avoid swallowing the particles of yeast, 

 which gathered on top of the brew (see OLZ, I900, Vol. Ill, 307), 

 as well as the barley-grains. 



Yahweh the austere god of the Hebrews, strange as 

 may seem, was identified in Classical times, with Dionysos, 

 the god of wine and merry life. In the Symposion of Plu- 

 tarch 1, it is stated by one who is initiated into the Athenian 

 Dionysian mysteries, that the god of the Hebrews is the same 

 as Dionysos, He makes this assertion on account of the fact 

 that the Hebrews commence other festivals some days after 

 the feast of the tavernacles, which they themselves call those 

 of Bacchos 2. Movers ^ explained this statement in Plutarch 

 by referring to the Hallelu-yah shouts at the feast of the taver- 

 nacles, which lasted for eight days. The Athenian, thus, was 

 led to his statement on account of the Hallelu-vah shout 

 which reminded him of the la^eiv, i. e., the laO-shout of the 

 Dionysian rites. Baudissin"* has shown beyond doubt that 

 the identification of Dionysos with Yahweh is due to misunder- 

 standings. The eudL,eiv, i. e., the euoi, or eua-shout as well 

 as the id3(8iv, i. e., the lau-shout had been considered the 

 same rite as the F^-shout, i. e., the Hallelu-yah of the Hebrew 

 priests, while on the other hand, the th}'rsos-staves of the 

 festivals of Dionysos were wrongly brought into connection 

 with the palm- and myrrh-branches of Jewish festivals. The 

 feast of the temple-dedication, particularly, according to 

 11. Mace. 10, 7, at which hymns were song, while carrying 

 thyrsos-staves, palm-branches and other branches, was respon- 

 sible for this mistake of identification. Tacitus^ also mentions 



i) L. IV, 6, 2. 



2) ^opxriv ouK Sv h\ aiviYMCtTUiv, aXXd oivTiKpui; BdKxou xaXouiuevou. 



3) Movers, Die Phonhier, Bd. I. 



4) See Baudissin, W. W. , Studien zur Semitischen Religionsgeschichte, 

 Leipzig, 1876; III. Der Ursprung des Gottesnamens 'Iduu, pp. iSi 254. 



5) Hist. 1. V c. 5. 



