Wine and Beer in the Daily Life and Religion of the Ancient Orientals, ij^j 



this confusion of the ceremonies, but he rejects it: .... quia 

 sacerdotes eorum ^ tibia tympanisque concinebant, hedera vin- 

 ciebantur, vitisqiie aurea teviplo reperta, Liberum pair em coli, 

 domitorem orientis, qiiidam arbitrati sunt, neqiiaquani con- 

 gj'uentibtis institutis : quippe Liber festos laetosque ritiis posuit, 

 Judaeorwn vios absiirdus sordidusqiie. 



The names of Dionysos, Ei3aq, Euioc, Ei)'{p.O(;, Evan and 

 Ebo7i are derived from the exclamation eua, or euoi, and the 

 name lacchos ("IaK)(oc^) from the Homeric Idxeiv, "to call 

 aloud" 2. 



While the identification of Yahweh with Dionysos must be 

 rejected, there is a strong probability of identifying the Phoe- 

 nician god Esmun with Dionysos^,. Dionysos appears on coins 

 of Tyre^ since the time of Seleucus IV (167 175 B. C.) and 

 on coins of Sidon^ since 111 B. C. In the time of the emperor 

 Gordianus the representation of Dionysos appears also on coins 

 of Berytos^. A Hittite wine-god appears in Illustration No. 35. 



According to Baruch II, 4, the tree that seduced Adam 

 was the vinestalk. It was planted by the angel 'Samael'. This 

 angered God, and he cursed it and did not permit Adam to 

 touch the plant. But Satan seduced Adam through the vine. 

 The vine was swept away from Paradies through the waters 

 of the flood, but it was not completely destroyed. Noah 

 found the plant after the Flood. He was troubled in his con- 

 science whether to make use of the plant or not. In order 

 to ascertain the will of God regarding it he prayed for forty 

 days. Finally God sent his angel Sarasael with the permission 



1) Scil. Judaeorum. 



2) Baudissin, o. c, pp. 209 and 210. In Homeri Hymni, XXVII, ElZ 

 APTEMIN, 7: idxei b' etri bdaKioq uXr] beivov utto KXaYTH"^ ftrjpujv, the verb 

 ictxeiv goes back to iarixeiv. iarixeiv > ilX^iv > ioixeiv. It, therefore, has no 

 bearing on the question. 



3) See Baudissia, Der phonizische Gott Esmun, ZDMG , Vol. 59 (1905), 

 pp, 4S2 489. 



4) Rouvier, Journ. Intern, d'archcol. numismat., Vol. KI, p. 279, n. 1829 

 1835; Vol. VII, p. 76 n. 2366. 



5) Rouvier, 0. c, Vol. V, p. 131, n. 1279; p. 230, n. 1298; p. 230 ff., 

 n. 1299 -1302; p. 245, n. 1397; p. 248, n. 1417; p. 248 ff., n. 1418 1437 : 

 p. 267 ff., n. 1528; p. 277, n. 1573 ; p. 282 ff., n. 16 13 and 16 14. 



6) Rouvier, o. c, Vol. Hi, p. 307 ff., n. 603 606. 



