BEEFLINGS 45 



wanted for milk production are liable, by this method, to have 

 their milk-secreting glands overloaded with fat, to the detriment 

 of their profitableness in later life, but for growing meat it is 

 ideal. It has already been shown that, in our variable country, 

 locality may, to a limited extent, justify keeping one or more 

 cows to yield one weaned calf as the result of her year's keep ; 

 and it might be contended that farmers, whose land is situated 

 under such conditions, might do well to turn over the produce as 

 baby-beef rather than as store-stock. But we are now concerned 

 with producing meat from plough-land, and this entails a far 

 greater output of beef from each acre. In fact, the cow kept for 

 the breeding, and rearing, of one calf represents the very lowest 

 type of production from the land. It is my object to show that 

 beefling production can be carried on with the most intensive 

 production from each acre of land held. The Danish farmer 

 combines intensive arable land-farming with milk, veal, and 

 pig-meat production; in our future agricultural campaign we 

 should do well to add baby-beef to the list. To do this to 

 financial advantage we must decide what is the most economical 

 amount of milk to allow the calf. 



In considering the problem last stated there are two main 

 systems that merit careful examination : (i) the rearing of several 

 calves on one cow, (2) the rearing of all the calves, say from 

 birth- or at any rate from the fourth day, on the pail or, as it is 

 called, by hand. 



The first has advantages. I have myself practised it very 

 successfully with good deep-milking cattle. With three cows 

 yielding an average of 800 gallons of milk, we reared 24 calves ; 

 three went for veal or were kept for bulls, 14 were brought 

 out as baby-beef, the rest heifers were kept as breeding 

 cattle. The management necessary to do this demands a little 

 intelligent care in getting the cows to take to the foster- 

 calves, and judgment in letting the different calves suck the 

 proper and economical amounts of milk. With such deep- 

 milking cows, directly the calving troubles are over, a second 

 calf should be introduced; then, after about three weeks, a 

 third, An appropriate method of management, which is known 

 from experience to be sound, is set out in the hypothetical 



