50 BEEFLINGS 



meal of warm milk. Failure to rinse out the pails at all is as 

 frequent a source of mischief .as it is inexcusable, but sheer 

 ignorance is often another cause of trouble. Boiling water 

 coagulates the milk ; and, if the pails are " scalded " before being 

 rinsed with cool water, the cracks and joints in the vessel get 

 full of a jelly-like substance which in time becomes a hot-bed 

 of living organisms, often of a malignant kind. A thorough 

 cleansing of the pails once a day with boiling water is desirable, 

 but, before it is done, the utensils should always be rinsed with 

 warm or cold water. It is astonishing how ignorance in this 

 respect does mischief on the farm. 



(3) Every one of the farm hands employed in the industry 

 would be more valuable to his employer, and more interested 

 and therefore happier in his work, if he were taught the first 

 principles on which his work is based. But the rural school 

 technical educationalist would seem to have confined his in- 

 struction, in the past, to gardening. Neither in their school 

 years nor afterwards has there been a systematic effort to awaken 

 an intelligent interest in children's minds .in the structure and 

 function of the animal body; to give them a reasonable grasp 

 of the composition of foodstuffs ; or to train those who have to 

 work among them in the observation of the wonders of nature 

 which enable the earth to produce human food. Yet, without 

 this sort of knowledge one cannot hope to obtain a prosperous 

 agriculture. Without intelligent appreciation of the mysteries 

 going on around him, the worker on the farm is as great a drudge 

 as any in the city, and work in the country, without a realization 

 of its beauties, will always drive good men to seek the con- 

 solations provided for those who labour amidst brick, stone and 

 iron in the polluted atmosphere of our manufacturing districts. 

 An intelligent appreciation of what one is doing and of why it 

 is done must be brought into the art of calf-rearing if success is 

 to be achieved, and, unless some such education as is suggested 

 above is provided, there is little hope of improvement in cattle 

 husbandry or in any other agricultural pursuit. 



Having fed the 50 gallons of milk, together with other 

 suitable foods, we must consider what return may be expected 

 from the milk of an 8oo-gallon cow by this form of meat-pro- 



