THE CHEMICAL CONSTITUTION OF ITS UNITS 57 



malonic ester and then allows 7-bromopropylphthalimide to act upon 

 this ; the new substance is reduced with sodium and alcohol, and, on 

 subsequent hydrolysis of the acid, whereby the phthalyl groups are 

 removed, and by loss of carbon dioxide, it yields ornithine, thus: 



COOC 2 H 5 

 I /Na 



c\ /co x x co \ 



I X N/ ")C 6 H 4 + Br . CH 2 . CH 2 . CH 2 . N/ V 6 H 4 



COOC 2 H 5 



COOC 2 H 5 / co \ 



| /CH 2 .CH 2 .CH 2 .N( V 6 H 4 

 = NaBr + C< /C O\ \CCK 



c 6 H 4 



COOC 2 H 5 



COOC 2 H 5 / co \ 



I/-\TT r'H PT-T TM/ \f H 



/V^rl 2 . v^n 2 . ^n 2 . i> v x^ 6 n 4 



Cv /CO\ \ro/ 



7\ N / X C 6 H 4 +4NaOH = 2C 2 H 5 OH + 



\CO^ 



COOC 2 H 5 



COONa 



| /CH 2 .CH .CH 2 .NH. CO. C 6 H 4 . COONa 



C \ 



| \NH. CO. C 6 H 4 . COONa 



COONa 



COOH H 



| /CH 2 .CH 2 .CH 2 .NH.CO.C 6 H 4 COOH | /CH 2 . CH 2 . CH 2 . NH 2 



n* . _TT *-\ /~*/~\ . n* , ~r* T 



\ 22 = 2 C\ +2C 6 H 4 (COOH) 2 



j \NH.CO.C 6 H 4 .COOH | \NH 2 



COOH COOH 



Arginine. 



In 1886 E. Schulze and E. Steiger obtained a nitrogenous base 

 from the extracts of the germinated cotyledons of Lupinus, which had 

 the composition C 6 H 14 N 4 O 2 , and to which they gave the nafhe arginine ; 

 it was also found in the seedlings of other plants and is contained in all 

 the vegetable proteins. 



Hedin, in 1894, isolated it from the products of hydrolysis of horn, 

 gelatin, conglutin, vitellin, egg-albumin, blood-serum, caseinogen. He 

 also showed that Drechsel's lysatinine consisted of a mixture of arginine 

 and lysine. From elastin both Bergh and Hedin failed to isolate it, 

 but its presence in this protein was demonstrated by Kossel and 

 Kutscher. Its occurrence in the protamines was shown by Kossel in 

 1896, and in histone from leucocytes by Lawrow in 1899. About the 

 same time Kutscher found that it was contained in antipeptone, obtained 

 by the tryptic digestion of fibrin ; it is also formed when protamines are 

 digested by trypsin (Kossel and Matthews). 



