78 GLANDS OF THE ALIMENTARY CANAL. 



Liver- Liver cells. A scraping from the cut surface of the 

 fresh liver of a mammal, diffused in salt solution. (H) Sketch 

 their shape and contents. 



Liver for Glisson's capsule. Pig. (p. 3, inj., c. G., s. 19, m. F.) 

 (Z) Externally the capsule, internally the polygonal lobules 

 separated from each other by interlobular extensions of Glisson's 

 capsule. Find a lobule with a central vessel, note the radiating 

 arrangement of the lobular substance. The portal vein is 

 distributed in the capsular tissue and is accompanied by one 

 or more branches of the hepatic duct and artery which together 

 constitute a portal tract. 



The hepatic vein springs in the centre of the lobule. Find 

 examples of it cut across and lengthways. The latter can 

 be traced into the capsular tissue. Two or more of them may 

 be found converging from contiguous lobules to a larger hepatic 

 vein (sub-lobular vein). (H) The free surface is covered by 

 the capsule of dense white fibrous tissue with distinct corpuscles 

 and numerous small lymph spaces. Study the hepatic cell 

 substance. It forms a columnar network, usually two cells 

 thick, interlaced with the system of capillaries. The liver cells 

 are nucleated and have a reticulated cytoplasm often vacuolated. 



Liver. Rabbit, for portal tracts and cell columns, (p. 6, 

 s. 22 & 24, c. P., m. B.) (L) In a portal tract recognise the 

 large thin-walled portal vein. The small, thick-walled hepatic 

 duct, lined with cubical, or even columnar, epithelium, and the 

 small hepatic artery. There is no corresponding vein, the 

 blood return taking place through the hepatic vein. (T) Con- 

 firm the above and observe that the lobular capillaries open 

 into the hepatic vein. The cell columns are everywhere in 

 contact with capillaries, the endothelial covering of which is 

 recognised by their nuclei seen in profile. 



