20 CHAPTER XXVI. 



ABNORMAL URINE. 



Colour. If very pale, probably due to unusually large quantity 

 of water polyuria. If high-coloured, suspect proteids ; if red, 

 brownish, chocolate, or deeper coloured, some form of blood 

 pigment ; if orange reddish, or darker, with a greenish tint at 

 the top, bile pigments. 



S.GK and quantity. Remember these are interdependent. 

 A high S.G. with large quantity indicates sugar. 



Albunainuria. Any of the following may occur, serum- 

 albumin and globulin usually together. Their separate recogni- 

 tion is at present of no clinical importance. Blood pigments 

 will give proteid reactions. 



Tests : Those for proteids generally. 



1. Heller's contact method should be tried first. Remember that 

 an old iron spoon, a tallow candle, and some vinegar 

 will enable you to perform the recognition of a coagulable 

 proteid under difficulties. 



Quantitative Estimation.- By Esbach's Albuminometor. Albu- 

 min and globulin. 



1. Reagent: 10 g picric acid and 20 g citric acid to 1 litre of 



water. 



2. Urine must be acid, add acetic acid if required. S.G. must 



be lowered to 1008 by dilution. The process is most 

 accurate when 4 g of albumin per litre are present. The 

 temperature has a marked influence. The colder the 

 urine the bulkier will the pp be. 



