COMPOSITE. 81 



D. Pappus none, or of sessile scales. 



9. LAPS ANA. Involucre in one row, with a few very small ones at 



their base. Achenes compressed, striate. Pappus none. 



10. CICHORIUM. Involucre of 8 10 inner scales, with 5 smaller 

 ones at the base. Achenes obovate, compressed, striate. 

 Pappus sessile, scaly. 



Sub-Order 2. CYNAROCEPHAL^;. Florets all tubular. Style 

 swollen below its branches. Involucre with prickly or 

 hardened points. 



A. Scales of the involucre ending in a stiff hooked point. 



11. ARCTIUM. Involucre globular. Pappus short, stiff and 

 hair-like. 



B. Scales of the involucre sharp or prickly. 



12. SEKRATULA. Involucre with imbricated somewhat mucro- 

 nate scales. Achenes compressed, with an oblique base. 

 Pappus pilose. Receptacle chaffy, scales split into linear 

 bristles. 



13. CARDUUS. Involucre with spinous scales. Achenes com- 

 pressed. Pappus pilose, sessile, united by a ring at the base. 

 Receptacle with fimbriate scales. 



14. CNICUS. Involucre with spinous or mucronate scales. 

 Achenes smooth. Pappus plumose, sessile, united by a ring 

 at the base, deciduous. Receptacle bristly. 



15. ONOPORDUM. Involucre with spreading spinose scales. 

 Achenes 4-ribbed. Pappus pilose, rough. Receptacle deeply 

 pitted. 



16. CARLINA. Involucre with the outer scales lax, ribbed, edge 

 spinose, inner ones leaf -like and coloured, spreading. Pappus 

 in 1-row ; feathery, branched and deciduous. Receptacle 

 with irregular cleft scales. 



17. CENTAUREA. Involucre imbricated very hard, with pectinate 

 margins. Achenes compressed, scar lateral or oblique. 

 Pappus short, pilose or scaly. Receptacle chaffy. 



Sub-Order 3. CORYMBIFER^. Florets of the disk tubular and 

 perfect, marginal ones mostly ligulate, and pistillate or 

 neuter (rayed), or all the florets tubular (discoid). 



A. Florets all tubular (discoidal). 



18. BIDENS. Involucre with 2 rows of scales, outer ones leafy. 

 Achenes crowned with about 3 spines, armed with reflexed 

 prickles. Receptacle chaffy. Sometimes with a ligulate 

 floret. Fl. yellow. 



