104 



COMPARATIVE ANATOMY 



/v. 



Quatln 



Arc.&uiboc 



FIG. 77. A AND B, DORSAL AND VENTRAL VIEWS OF THE SKULL OF Hanu 

 esstilenta ( x 2), IN B THE INVESTING BONES ARE REMOVED ON THE RIGHT/SIDE. 



Ap.nas.int, internal nostril; Arc.suboc, subocular or palatopterygoid arch; 

 C.prn.inf, inferior prenasal cartilage ; Cr.s.n, subnasal crest; Eth, spheneth- 

 moid ; F II I 7 ", foramina for cerebral nerves ; Foss.cond, condyloid fossa, in 

 which are the foramina for the IXth and Xtli cerebral nerves ; Fr.par, 

 frontoparietal ; I. max, premaxilla ; Max, maxilla; Na, nasal; OccJat, ex- 

 occipital ; Pal, palatine ; Para, parasphenoid ; Pr. front, frontal process of 

 maxilla ; Proot, prootic ; Pr.zyg, zygomatic process of paraquadrate ; 

 Pr.bas.Q, basal process of quadrate; Pr.pter.Q, pterygoid process of quad- 

 rate ; Pter, pterygoid ; Q max, quadratojugal (or quadratomaxilla) ; Quadr, 

 quadrate; Tect.syn, tectum synoticum ; Ty, paraquadrate ("squamosal '') ; 

 Vom, vomer. 



Anura. The skull of adult tailless Batrachia is at first sight 

 very similar to that of Urodeles : it is platy basic, and the occipital 

 region has the same morphological value. It undergoes, however, 



