CONTENTS. xni 



III. SUB-DIAPHRAGMATIC PORTION OP THE DIGESTIVE TRACK . 231 



Formation of the stomach, small and large intestine, in the 

 foetus, 232. 



Stomach, 233. Its movements, 234. Vomiting, 236. Secre- 

 tions in the stomach, 238. Pepsin, or gasterase, 239. 

 Gastric juice, 240. Peptogeny, 242. Chyme, 245. 



Small intestines, 248. Enteric juice, 248. Influence of the 

 nervous system in promoting its flow, 249. Pancreatic 

 juice, 249. Pancreatogens, 251. Movements of the intes- 

 tine, 253. 



IV. ABSORPTION 254 



Function of the epitheliums, and diffusion, 254. Intestinal 

 villi, and their oflice, 255. Chyle and the chyle-ducts, 256. 

 Absorption of fats, 257. Intestinal desquamation, bile, 

 260. Functions of the liver, 265. Recent researches on 

 the biliary capillaries, 267. Glycogeny and diabetes, 268. 

 Organs of absorption, 273. 



V. LARGE INTESTINE 275 



Its movements ; defecation, 277. 



SEVENTH PART. 



PULMONARY MUCOUS SURFACE. RESPIRATION. 

 ANIMAL HEAT. PHONATION. 



I. RESPIRATION. 



I. ANATOMY OP THE RESPIRATORY SURFACE 281 



Pulmonary epithelium, 282. Structure of the respiratory 

 membrane, 283. Capillary network, its extent, 286. 



II. MECHANICAL PHENOMENA OP RESPIRATION 287 



Inhalation, 288. Mechanical action of inhalation, 289. Mus- 

 cular action, 290. The use of the diaphragm, 293. Pas- 

 sive action of the lungs accompanying inhalation, 295. 



Expiration or Exhalation, 296. Natural form of the lungs, 

 297. Forcible or active exhalation, 299. 



Function of the air-passages in respiration, 300. Action of the 

 trachea, etc., during respiration, 302. Coughing and 

 sneezing, 302. 



HE. PHYSICAL AND MECHANICAL CONSEQUENCES OF RESPIRATION 303 



Mechanical effects produced on the lung, 303. Vital capacity 

 and the spirometer, 304. Residual air, respiratory air, 

 &c., 306. Ventilation of the lungs, 308. Respiratory 

 murmur, &c., 311. 



Mechanical effects produced in adjacent regions by respira- 

 tion, 312. 



