CONTENTS. XI 



III. SMOOTH MUSCLES 92 



IV. CONTRACTILE CELLS 94 



V. APPENDAGES OP THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM 94 



General mechanism of the muscles, 94. Connective tissue, 

 95. The bones, 97. Tendons and ligaments, 98. Levers 

 in the skeleton, as compared with the three kinds of levers, 

 101. The articulations, 104. Ligaments, 105. Physiology 

 of the movements of locomotion, 107. 



FOURTH PART. 

 BLOOD AND ITS CIRCULATION. 



Concerning the blood, 110. Quantity of blood as estimated 



by Herbst, Valentin, Welcker, 111. 

 Composition of blood, 112. Cruor and white globules, 113. 



Red globules, 114. Their structure, form, and size in man. 



and animals, 116. Haemin, 117. Hemoglobuline, 118. 



Absorption spectra of blood, 119. Function of the red 



globules, 121. Transformation of the white into the red 



globules, 123. 

 Liquor sanguinis, 125. Fibrine and clot, or crassamentum, 



126. Bufty coat, 126. Serum of the blood, 127. Fatty 



extractive and coloring matters, 128. Salts and gases of 



the blood (Fernet), 129. Albuminoid substances, Denis 



and Schmidt, 130. 



CIRCULATION OP THE BLOOD 131 



Diagram of the circulation, 131. 



I. CENTRAL ORGAN OP THE CIRCULATION 133 



Auricle, 133. Ventricle, valvular system, 134. Functions 



of the auriculo-ventricular system, 135. 

 Sounds and impulse of the heart, 138. 

 Table of movements of the heart, 141. 



II. PERIPHERAL ORGANS OP THE CIRCULATION 141 



A. Mechanical arrangement of these organs. 



Vascular cones, 141. The greater and lesser circulation, 



142. 

 Pressure in the circulatory system, 143. Hemodynamonieter, 



cardiometer, 144. 

 Rapidity of circulation of blood, laws of Poiseuille, 147 ; 



special arrangements of the circulation in certain regions, 



150. Portal system, 150. 



