1 1 o New York Fern 



pubescence and cilia consisting of minute straight whitish hairs: 

 texture thin, herbaceous: color light subdued green. 



Venation pinnate, free: primary branches of midveins of 

 pinnae's segments simple or a few, especially in toothed segments, 

 once-forked or bearing several branches. 



Sori minute, mostly submarginal, variously placed on vein- 

 lets: indusia delicate, whitish, bearing on margin, and sometimes 

 sparingly on surface, minute yellowish globules or glands, often 

 also a few short, straight, whitish hairs. 



Spores ovoid-reniform, muricate, with more or less of a semi- 

 transparent border or wing along the slightly hollowed side. 



Habitat. Woodlands and copses. 



Range. Newfoundland to Ontario and Minnesota, south to 

 northern Georgia, Alabama, and Arkansas. 



Dryopteris noveboracensis (L.). A. Gray, Manual, ed. i. 630. 1848. 

 Polypodium noveboracense. L. Sp. PI. 1091. 1753. 

 Nephrodium noveboracense. Desv. Ann. Soc. Linn. 6: 257. 1827. 

 Aspidium noveboracense Swartz, Schrad. Jour. Bot. 1800'. 38. 1801. 



THE development of the form of the leaf of Dryopteris 

 noveboracensis can be readily seen from Pis. XXVI, XXVII. 

 It will be noticed that the tapering of the base of the leaf- blade, 

 which is so marked a characteristic of the mature leaf, is lack- 

 ing at first, and is produced later by a combination of extreme 

 although gradual development of the principal pinnae and very 

 slight development of the lower. In the leaf-development of the 

 nearly related Dryopteris simulata, the development of the prin- 

 cipal pinnae and the lower pinnae is more uniform and a differ- 

 ent shape is thus given to the leaf. 



