SOUTHERN CHILI AND ARGENTINA 



569 



subsequently incorporated in the Inca dominion, with the result that the Aymarau divinities, 

 ritual, and traditions were likewise assimilated by the Quechuan Incas. In their elevated 

 home the Incas succeeded in breeding from the wild guanaco two domesticated varieties 

 namely, the alpaca and the llama; the former being raised for its wool and flesh, while the 

 latter was used for carrying burdens. Gold, silver, copper, and lead were worked in the Potosi 

 mines, although iron was unknown. On the highlands they cultivated the potato, and on the 

 lower grounds maize; and their cloth of alpaca wool was of excellent quality. With the 

 remark that both Quechuas and Aymaras differed considerably in physical features from their 

 Guaranian neighbours, we must pass on to mention that the Antisian group occupied the true 

 Antis, or Andes, which forms the third chain of the Cordillera of Peru and Bolivia. Reference 

 must also be made to the pre-Inca Chimus, the presumed builders of the great Temple of the 

 Sun at Chimu, the modern Truxillo, on the coast of Northern Peru. The Ivaro, or Jivaran 

 Indians of Ecuador, are in the habit of 'removing the skull and contracting the head-skin of 

 their deceased relatives until it becomes scarcely larger than the fist, the form of the features 

 being retained. ^ 



With these too brief remarks on the inhabitants of the "cultural zone," we proceed to 

 the consideration of the tribes inhabiting 



SOUTHERN CHILI AND ARGENTINA. 



THE effete civilisations above mentioned were limited to the southward by the Rio Maule, which 

 enters the sea below the city of Talca, in Central Chili; and as we have also seen that the 

 Guaranian tribes extended on the opposite side of the continent to the Rio de la Plata, there 

 remain for consideration those inhabiting that portion of America lying south of these points, 

 together with those of part of Northern Argentina. 



By permission of the South American Missionary Society. 



A CHILIAN NATIVE AND HIS WIVES. 



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