living Bulgarians; government and religion. RUMANIA 

 Kingdom and people; Gypsies; French manners; lax 

 morals; costume; diet; dwellings; women in field work; 

 national dance (hora). SERVIA Geography; a stalwart 

 race; poor dwellings; democracy; education; piety. MON- 

 TENEGHO People " the flower of the Slav race"; interest- 

 ing account. BOSNIA-HEBZEGOVINA Turkish provinces, 

 administered by Austria; one race and language; de- 

 scription and comparisons. AUSTRIA-HUNGARY Dual 

 monarchy a political expression; variety of races; charac- 

 teristics; descriptions by Brown and Ratzel; remarkable 

 wedding ceremony. GYPSIES Most numerous in Cen- 

 tral Europe; of Hindu origin; first appearance in Europe; 

 traits, habits, beliefs; Bosnian Gypsies described by 

 Tissot 433-456 



CHAPTER XX 



GERMANY, SWITZERLAND, ITALY, FRANCE, 

 SPAIN, AND PORTUGAL 



GERMANY Teutonic stock; population; High and Low 

 Germans: Swabians; ethnology and races; the State; the 

 army; education; mental traits; loyalty; family affection; 

 music; sentimentality; frugality; class distinctions; do- 

 mestic life; amusements and exercises; duelling; religion. 

 SWITZERLAND Origins; main groups; government; char- 

 acteristics; education; industries; independence. ITALY 

 Present states; racial elements; various features of 

 Italian life; religion. FRANCE Prehistoric people; Ro- 

 mans; invading tribes; two physical types; mental quality; 

 the bourgeoisie; changes in government; education; sexes; 

 peasants; religion. SPAIN Territory and government; 

 ethnology; Basques, Moors, etc.; physical type; character; 

 Spanish ladies; present condition of country and people. 

 PORTUGAL Position and population; Moorish influence; 

 Jewish types; character; gayety; music; frugality; in- 

 dustries 457^80 



CHAPTER XXI 



DENMARK, BELGIUM, HOLLAND, GREAT 

 BRITAIN AND IRELAND 



DENMARK Physical features of the Danes; modified 

 Germanic traits; Malte-Brun's portrait of the people; 

 surprising progress; " paradise of peasant-proprietors"; 

 superior agriculture; butter-factories of co-operative 

 associations; thoroughness of education; " best-instructed 

 people in Europe"; individualism and social rank; no- 

 bility numerous and poor; abolition of serfdom. State 

 Church. BELGIUM Most densely populated European 

 country; ancient Belga; present population; Flemings 

 and Walloons; French and Flemish languages; charac- 

 teristics graphically portrayed; Belgians in history and 

 in the twentieth century; religious festivals; backward- 

 ness of education. HOLLAND Teutonic hordes; Franks 

 and Saxons; refuge for the persecuted; country and popu- 

 lation; Dutch character and life; Golden Age of Holland; 

 Hallam's tribute; great men; Thorold Rogers on the re- 

 volt of the Netherlands; ancient and modern customs; 

 religious elements. ENGLAND The English race; various 

 constituents; Huxley's conclusions; Caesar's account of 

 primitive inhabitants; Romans and Britons; Scandinavian 

 and Teutonic elements; physical traits of the English; 

 historical development of character; Ralph Waldo Emer- 

 son's estimate. WALES Distinct nationality; early in- 

 dependence; physical and mental types; language and 

 literature; Eisteddfods; music; Christianity in Wales. 

 SCOTLAND Highlanders and Lowlanders; Scandinavians; 

 family pride; the clans; Gaelic tongue; folklore, supersti- 



tions, and " second sight"; crofters of the Hebrides; per- 

 sistence of ancient land tenure; Sir Henry Maine on 

 patriarchal succession; religious bodies. IRELAND De- 

 crease of population; Celtic stock; Teutonic element; the 

 typical Irishman; Brown's summary of physical traits; 

 temperament and character; the Irish in other lands; 

 peasants; high regard for women; Erse and English 

 tongues; early history; giving back the lover's promise; 

 belief in fairies; wedding masks and dances; the "wake"; 

 Roman Catholic and Protestant churches. THE ISLE OF 

 MAN Mixed races; language; superstitions of Manxmen; 

 government 481-504 



CHAPTER XXII 



ARCTIC AMERICA AND GREENLAND 



Origins, classification, and location of the various tribes; 

 physical characteristics; civilisation; clothing; homes; 

 weapons; domestic animals; industries; peculiar manners 

 and customs; religious beliefs; a compact and compre- 

 hensive account of the primitive peoples of these regions, 

 from the most recent observations of ethnologists and 

 travellers, with many curious incidents and descriptions 

 illustrative of life in hyperborean climes 505-528 



CHAPTER XXIII 



NORTH AMERICA 



Indians on the American continent when Columbus 

 came; their disappearance; North American Indians; 

 their present " reserves"; extermination of the bison or 

 buffalo; original native isolation; physical uniformity; 

 linguistic variations; detailed description of American 

 aborigines; Mongoloid resemblances; main stocks; homes, 

 habits, weapons, occupations, cultures, character, cus- 

 toms, superstitions, etc., fully treated, with citations from 

 eminent scientific authorities and narrators 529-552 



CHAPTER XXIV 



CENTRAL AND SOUTH AMERICA (IN- 

 CLUDING MEXICO) 



Preliminary survey. CENTRAL AMERICA Countries 

 included; most interesting groups; ancient tribes; Aztecs, 

 Mayas, Queches, Pocomans; Maya-Quiche civilisation; 

 system of reckoning time; native calendars. THE 

 GUIANAS AND VENEZUELA Break between north and 

 south; former West Indian links; three great groups of 

 Venezuela and the Guianas; ethnology, homes, relations, 

 physical and mental traits, condition, dress, habits, in- 

 dustries, etc.; houses on poles; self-torture; Arawak clan 

 system; the couvade; burials; feasts and national beverage 

 (paiwari). BRAZIL, PARAGUAY, ETC. Historical, et lino- 

 logical, and comparative description of the principal 

 stock-groups; Christianised Guarani. NORTHERN ANDES 

 Natives once highly civilised; the region termed by 

 Keane " the cultural zone"; Muyscas, Incas, and other 

 peoples. SOUTHERN CHILI AND ARGENTINA " Warrior 

 people"; multiplicity of tribes; spirits in the Milky Way; 

 Gauchos, or half-breeds; expert horsemen; Hudson de- 

 scribes the Indian and his horse; Patagonians; Darwin and 

 Musters tell of them; their great stature; large boots may 

 have given rise to their Spanish name; various charac- 

 teristics and customs. TIERRA DEL FUEGO Typical 

 Fuegians; various views by different observers; as seen by 

 Darwin; strange sounds of their language 553-576 



INDEX, ETC 577-584 



