INDIA 



177 



of the Deccan. The features of the present blacks in India, and the characters which the 

 Dravidian and Australian languages have in common, tend to assimilate them. The existence 

 of the boomerang in the two countries helps to support this view. We would ask the reader 

 to judge for himself whether the remarkable photographs of a Yedda on pages 176-7 do not 

 show quite a striking resemblance to those of Australians in Chapter III. 



The second general census of India, taken in 1891, gave a population of over 287,000,000; 

 or, including the French and Portuguese settlements, of over 289,000,000. This figure is about 

 equal to one-fifth of the world's entire population! Since the census of 1881 there has been 

 an increase of 28,000,000, which nearly ?quals the entire population of England and Wales. 

 And yet the rate of increase is only about 10 per cent. As abovo stated, the population has 

 increased under English rule, as might have been expected, but the apprehensions expressed by 

 newspaper writers at home do not appear to be shared by some experts. 



The Kolarians, or Kols (e.g. Santhals. Kurkus, Bhils, etc.). appear tc be the oldest race 

 in the peninsula, but it is not known whether they were really the true aborigines. They 

 came first, however, and after them the Dravidians arrived. Both are in an exceedingly low 

 state of culture. It is perhaps undesirable to separate them in this way, ior anthropologists 

 now consider the Kols to be Dravidian. They were only separated by the linguists, who are 

 inclined to attach too much importance 1,0 language. The anthropologist rightly judges by the 

 physical type shape of the skull, etc. However, for the sake of convenience, we now give ' 

 a brief abstract of the scheme of classification given by Professor Keane in his "Asia," Vol. II. 

 in Stanford's " Compendium of Travel and Geography.'' The divisions of the Kolarians and tho 

 Tibeto-Burmans are chiefly of a tribal character; those of the Dravidians and all the Hindus 

 are based on languages : 



I. HINDUS (Aryan nii.i-i-il stock), classified 

 by laiigiKtt/rx. Kashmiri, 2-J*; Pun- 

 jabi (Sikh, Jat, etc.), 17; Sindi, 2; 

 Gujarati and Kachi, 10; Marathi and 

 Konkani, 19; Hindi and Urdu (North- 

 West Provinces, Rajputana, and Upper 

 Bengal), K>0; Bengali, 41; Uriya, 9; 

 Assamese, li; Nepali, 2. 

 II. DRAVIDIANS (classified by languages). 

 Telugu, 20; Tamil, 1C; Kauarese, 9^; 

 ilalayalim, 5; Tula, 9$; Kodagu, 

 about |; Oraon, about f ; Rajmahal, 

 about jV; Khondi, about \\ Gondi, 1^; 

 Toda, only about 750 persons; Kota. 

 about 1,000 persons; (?) Singhalese, If; 

 (?) Vedda, supposed to number about 

 3,000 persons. 



III. KOLARIANS (classified by tribe*). 



Santhal, 1J; Munda, f; Kharia, Mal- 

 Paharia, Juang, Gadaba, Korwa, Kurku, 

 Mehto, Savara, and Bhil, altogether 

 about 2. 



IV. TIBETO-BUP.M A NS (.Voiiyol stock), classi- 



fied by tribes. Ladakhi, Champa, 

 etc., TV; Garhwali, etc., &(?); Magar, 

 Sarpa, etc, ^; Lepcha, etc., ^ (?); 



Photo by Doctors Paul and Fritz Saimin, Basle. 

 A VEDDA MAX (FULL-FACE). 



The figures denote millions (approximately). To save space we are obliged to omit the geographical 

 distributions, but the names themselves iu some cases will give a clue. 



