36 APPENDIX. 



DIRECTIONS FOR MARKING THE STEAM JOURNAL. 



In the column of "Winds," the strength will be expressed in the figures invented by 

 Captain Beaufort to denote its force. 



In the column marked " Waves," the height of the wave above the trough of the sea is to be 

 estimated and expressed in yards, with occasional figures, to denote whether it be a long and 

 easy, a short and chopping, or a cross confused sea : thus, 1, waves under one yard high ; 

 2, under two yards, &c. ; Ch, chopping ; L, long ; R, rough confused sea ; S, smooth 

 water ; Sw, swell. 



The draught of water is to be taken on all possible occasions, particularly at noon each 

 day, and marked in the column of " Immersion," with the addition of the letter F or E, 

 to denote the boilers being full or empty : when circumstances will not admit its being 

 measured, it is to be estimated. 



The operations of the throttle valve are to be noted thus : S signifies it is shut ; 1 that it 

 is J open ; 2, its being j open ; 3, that J of the apertures are open ; and O, that it is quite 

 open. 



The column " Sail " will show, by the insertion of the letter S or N, whether or not sail 

 be set. 



The average number of revolutions per minute for each hour, and the consumption of coals 

 during the same period, are to be entered in the proper columns. 



In addition to the mean height of the engine barometers, that of a thermometer is to be 

 registered each hour : the latter should be permanently fixed in some part of the engine 

 room where it cannot receive the radiated heat from the fire-places. 



.The sub-divisions of the general column relating to the " Boilers" will apply to the several 

 boilers on board ; and a note should be made in the first page of the journal, stating which 

 boiler is expressed in each particular column. The partial blowing-off should be done at the 

 discretion of the engineer, as the water approaches saturation ; but in all voyages extending 

 beyond one day, a portion should be blown off at least every two hours : the letter P will 

 indicate that this duty has been performed, and the letter W will show when the whole is 

 blown out. 



The column of " Remarks " is to contain an account of every particular occurrence ; as, 

 when the fires are lighted (noting the minute at which the steam is raised), when extinguished, 

 when banked up, &c. ; also, any variation in the number of fires, when the engines or boilers 

 are connected or unconnected, stopped, or set at work, &c. An entry is also to be made of 

 every particular operation performed on the boilers or engine, noting when the flues are 

 swept, boilers chipped, stating the quantity of soot taken from the former, and the weight 

 of calcareous or other matter from the latter ; also when the connecting parts of the engine 

 are examined, the wheels turned in harbour, or the paddles reefed ; and prefixing to each 

 day's remarks the description of coal then in use, noting any change thereof. The 

 engineer is also to state the number of artificers employed in effecting repairs which may 

 be beyond the power of the ship's engineers, particularly noting what work they are upon. 



At noon each day a calculation is to be made of the expenditure of coals, oil, tallow, and 



