136 



PRACTICAL PHYSIOLOGY. 



[XXI. 



(6.) Hopkin's Method. Saturate the fluid with crystals of ammonium 

 chloride = ammonium urate. Collect the precipitate and dissolve it in weak 

 alkali. Reprecipitate by HC1 = precipitate of uric acid, which is dried and 

 weighed. 



19. Average Amount of the Several Urinary Constituents Passed in Twenty- 

 four Hours by a Man Weighing 66 kilos. 



Water . 

 Total solids . 



Organic solids Grams. 



Urea . . . . 33.18 



Uric acid 55 



Hippuric acid . . . .40 

 Kreatinin . . . .91 

 Pigment and other sub- 

 stances. . . .10.00 



LESSON XXL 



ABNORMAL CONSTITUENTS OF THE URINE. 



SOME of the substances referred to in the subsequent lessons are 

 present in excessively minute traces in normal urine e.g., sugar; 

 and in the urine of a certain percentage of persons appar- 

 ently enjoying perfect health, minute traces of albumin are some- 

 times present. When, however, these substances occur in con- 

 siderable quantity, then their presence is of the utmost practical and 

 diagnostic value, and is distinctly abnormal. It is quite certain 

 that serum-albumin is never found in any considerable amount in 

 normal urine. 



1. Albumin in Urine. When albumin occurs in notable quantity 

 in the urine, it gives rise to the condition known as albuminuria. 

 Albuminous urine is not unfrequently of low s.g., and froths 

 readily. 



Various forms of proteid bodies may occur in the urine. The 

 chief one is serum-albumin; but, in addition, serum-globulin, 

 albumose, peptone, acid-albumin, and fibrin may be found. 



2. Tests. In every case the urine must be clear before testing, 

 which can be secured by careful nitration. 



(a.) Coagulation by Heat. If the urine is acid place 10 cc. 



