XXIV.] URINARY DEPOSITS, ETC. 153 



(ii. ) The original substance does not give the murexide test. 

 Treat the original substance with hydrochloric acid. 



It dissolves with effervescence - / Calcium carbonate. 



\ Magnesium carb. 



It dissolves Jt dissolves with effervescence . . = Calcium oxalate. 

 without ef- 

 fervescence. 

 Heat the 

 original sub- 

 stance, and 

 treat it with 

 HC1 



( It melts. \ -r, , , 



{ The origi- -^^ \ = Triple phosphate. 



rial cfnna V ** **3 I 



There is no I " al s * on ! fE volVes no 



"- i ;hKHo 



, r . . 

 *" * = N *' calc ' 



Heat in 

 capsule 



1 

 . } = 



I It does not ' 

 m e 1 1 o n j- . . . = Acid calc. phosp. 

 (. heating . J 



9. General Examination of the Urine. 



(i.) Quantity in twenty-four hours (normal 50 oz., or 1500 cc.). 



(ii.) Colour, Odour, and Transparency (if bile or blood be sus- 

 pected, test for them). 



(iii.) Specific Gravity of the mixed urine (if above 1030, test for 

 sugar). 



(iv.) Reaction (normally slightly acid ; if alkaline, is the alkali 

 volatile or fixed ?). 



(v.) Heat. 



(a.) If a turbid urine becomes clear = urates. 



(/>.) If it becomes turbid = earthy phosphates or albumin. 

 Albumin is precipitated before the boiling-point is reached (73 

 C.), whilst phosphates are thrown down about the boiling-point. 

 It is necessary, however, to add HN0 3 , which will dissolve the 

 phosphates, but not the albumin. A case may occur where both 

 urates and albumin are present ; on carefully heating, the urine 

 will first become clear (urates), and then turbid, which turbidity 

 will not disappear on adding HJSTOg (albumin). Estimate approxi- 

 mately the amount of albumin present. 



(vi.) Test for Chlorides, with HN0 3 and AgN0 3 (if albumin be 

 present, it must be removed by boiling and filtration). 



(vii.) If sugar be suspected, test for sugar (Moore's, Trommer's, 

 or Fehling's test), and if albumin be present, remove it. 



(viii.) Make naked-eye, microscopic, and chemical examinations 

 of the sediment. 



