30 THE RURAL EFFICIENCY GUIDE STOCK 



Corn meal may be the entire ground corn grain or corn meal and by- 

 products of corn grain. The corn feed meal is the sifting obtained in the 

 manufacture of cracked corn and table corn meal. Corn germ meal or germ 

 oil meal is the corn germ layer from which a part of the oil ha.s been extracted 

 and is secured in the manufacture of starch, glucose and other corn products. 

 It is not ordinarily used in dairy rations. 



Corn and Cob Meal. Corn and cob meal is the result of grinding corn 

 and cob. In order to lighten and give bulk to the mixture, ear corn is often 

 ground for dairy rations. It should be finely ground to insure best results and 

 avoid digestive disturbances. 



Gluten Meal and Gluten Feed. Gluten meal is a corn by-product remain- 

 ing afte'r the starch germ and bran have been removed in the process of manu- 

 facturing cornstarch and glucose. Gluten feed is the finely ground combina- 

 tion of gluten meal and corn bran. It is very frequently used in mixtures of 

 considerable variety, to supply protein in dairy rations. A mixture of equal 

 parts of gluten feed and wheat bran with corn silage and alfalfa hay has 

 proven satisfactory as a ration for dairy cows. 



Continental Gluten Feed. This by-product is a dried distillers' grain and 

 should be considered in a class with distillers' grains rather than as gluten 

 feed. 



Hominy Feed, Hominy Meal, Hominy Chop. These feeds are a mixture 

 of bran, the germ and a part of the starchy portion of corn obtained in the 

 manufacture of hominy grits and brewers' grits. It is similar in composition 

 to corn meal, is somewhat bulkier and keeps better in storage. It is a suitable 

 feed to take the place of corn meal in dairy rations. 



Wheat By-products. Bran, shorts or standard middlings, flour or wheat 

 middlings and Red dog flour are by-products of wheat suitable for dairy 

 rations. 



Wheat Bran. This is the outer coatings of the wheat kernel. It is gen- 

 erally regarded one of the very best feeds for cows. It is slightly laxative, 

 keeps the cow's digestive system in good condition and gives bulk and palata- 

 bility to the ration. Bran contains a high proportion of phosphorus and 

 potash in its ash content. 25 to 50 percent of a mixture for dairy cows can 

 well be bran. The price and other available feeds should determine the 

 amount used. Bran that is pure has a higher feeding value than bran with 

 mill run screenings which is pure bran plus the screenings which are separated 

 from the wheat used in preparing the bran. In buying large quantities of bran 

 it is well to secure samples and buy subject to them. 



Shorts or Standard Wheat Middlings. Shorts or standard wheat mid- 

 dlings consist of the finer particles of bran with considerable flour adhering. 



Flour or Wheat Middlings. These are the portions of ground wheat 

 separated from the fine flour and coarse bran. 



Red Dog Flour. This is a 'low grade of wheat flour containing chiefly 

 the wheat germs. It is comparatively rich in protein and more valuable than 

 middlings. These feeds are less bulky, less laxative and contain a smaller 



