DISEASES OF CATTLE TREATMENT 73 



ten The temperature may be obtained by inserting the thermometer in the 

 rectum for two or three minutes. In normal cattle it should register about 

 101 degrees. If very much above 101^ the animal is considered feverish. 



ACTION OF DRUGS IN CATTLE AND HORSES. 



Certain remedies do not always affect cattle and horses the same way. 

 Mustard acts better with cattle than horses but turpentine does not act as well. 

 Oils make a good cathartic for horses, but melted lard is much better for cattle. 

 It is generally better to dilute the drugs well that are to be given to cattle 

 because of the great size of the stomach and the amount of food in it. Also 

 cattle require nearly twice as much medicine as horses. 



DRENCHING A COW. 



It is quite a simple matter to drench a cow. Hold the animal's head 

 high enough to form an incline for the medicine to run into the back of the 

 mouth. Stand on the left side and hold the nostrils with the thumb and 

 finger. The only thing left to do is to put the nozzle of the bottle into the 

 mouth and let the medicine run down. Caution: Pour the medicine down 

 slowly so that it will run into the fourth stomach where it should go. 



BANDAGING AND STITCHING WOUNDS. 



In some way, the edges of the wound must be brought together and kept 

 there ; in case it is on the legs, a bandage or strip of adhesive plaster applied 

 smoothly around the leg may be sufficient to hold the wound together, if 

 not, and stitches are required, a surgeon's needle having sharp edges and silk 

 thread or catgut should be used. Bring the edges together as smoothly as 

 possible by passing the needle through both edges of the wound. Do not 

 draw the stitch too tight as a little swelling of the parts will cause them to 

 tear. A small opening should be left near the bottom for pus to drain out. 

 After the wound is sewed, it should be treated with antiseptics, and carefully 

 protected from injury. If catgut is used in stitching it will absorb, but if 

 thread is used the stitches may be removed in five or six days if the wound 

 has done well. In treating wounds, see "Horse Department." 



CASTRATION OF CALVES AND BULLS. 



This operation consists in removing the reproductive organs. Calves 

 should be thrown on their sides to be castrated, but a bull is usually castrated 

 while standing. He should be fastened in by stocks or else tied to the wall 

 and a stout post. His right side should be towards the wall. He can be 

 held there by means of a surcingle around his body. Wash the ccrotum, 

 hands and knife in a carbolic acid solution (1 part to 30) before performing 

 the operation. In this operation the testicles are forced low down in the 

 sack with the left hand while a bold incision is made with the knife on the 

 back side of the sack clear to the bottom. Draw one testicle down and cut 





