80 THE RURAL EFFICIENCY GUIDE STOCK 



Buffalo Gnat. 



These are known also as black flies, they have a humped back and are 

 about one-eighth of an inch long. They breed in running water. Their bite 

 is poisonous and causes heavy losses. 



Treatment. Burning of smudges often keeps them away. They appear 

 more on sunny days. Cattle will not be molested when in darkened stables. 

 Use repellant as shown under flies. 



Capped Elbow. (See "Horse Department," Page 175.) 



Catarrh. 



This is an inflammation of the mucous membranes of the nose and parts 

 of the head. It oftens affects the eyes and throat by making them red and 

 watery. 



Damp stables, exposure to sudden changes of weather, especially when 

 wet and cold, inhalation of irritating gases, are some of the causes. 



Symptoms. Often some fever and cough ; discharge from the nose that 

 is watery at first but soon thickens ; eyes inflamed and swollen ; constipated, 

 poor appetite ; tips of horns and ears have variable temperature. 



Treatment. Take good care of the animal. Give him a roomy dry stable. 

 Feed laxative foods. In severe cases hot medicated inhalations may be 

 given. Give the animal about one pound of Glauber's salt to loosen the 

 bowels. Repeat this dose in 24 hours if necessary. Give from one to two 

 ounces nitrate of potassium in the drinking water three times daily. This is 

 to reduce the fever. 



Chapped Teats. 



Contact with cold water; sudden chilling in winter; anything which 

 irritates them will cause them to become chapped. 



Treatment. Applications of vaseline are very good. A mixture of 

 equal parts of oil of sweet almonds and spermaceti may be applied producing 

 excellent results. If very severe, wash with a solution of one dram sugar of 

 lead in one pint of water, then apply benzoated zinc-oxide ointment. Equal 

 parts of sweet oil and belladonna rubbed on after milking is an excellent 

 remedy. 



Choking. 



This is caused by attempting to swallow too large an object such as a 

 beet, potato, pear, apple or turnip. Sometimes caused by bolting dry food. 



Symptoms. Animal coughs frequently; saliva discharges from the 

 mouth; after drinking, the water is soon ejected; the expression is troubled; 

 breathes fast and sometimes there is bloating. 



Treatment. Remove the object by pressing it up if possible. To assist 

 this give the animal a half pint of raw linseed or olive oil before doing as 

 above stated. A well wrapped, twisted wire, a piece of thin garden hose or 

 a piece of new rope with the end closely wrapped, waxed, and oiled, may be 

 used in emergencies, as a probang. Also the end of a tug may be used. 



