98 THE RURAL EFFICIENCY GUIDE STOCK 



Symptoms. There is dullness, loss of appetite, the animal stands alone, 



"high fever appears, later the urine has a deep red color, rapid loss of strength 



and death. The dung becomes soft and deeply tinged with bile. As the end 



approaches the animal gets very thin, may lie down much of the time and appear 



stupid. 



Treatment. No satisfaction of a permanent nature is secured from the 

 use of medicines. Animals may be freed of ticks in two ways. They may be 

 treated with an agent that will kill all the ticks present, or they may be rotated on 

 tick-free fields until all the ticks have dropped. All the ticks will drop from cattle 

 placed on tick-free soil in from six to ten weeks according to temperature. The 

 time required to free pastures from ticks by starvation is from eight to ten months 

 according to climate and temperature. To do this all animals must be kept from 

 the field for this period. 



Grease the limbs and sides of the cattle with crude petroleum or cotton 

 seed oil. This helps to prevent the ticks crawling onto the body. Smear a 

 mixture consisting of one pound sulphur, one gallon of kerosene, and one gal- 

 lon cotton seed oil. Do this three times each week during the tick season. 



Tuberculosis. 



This germ, called tubercle bacillus, gains entrance to the body, lodges in the 

 tissues and begins to grow and multiply at that point. As they spread through 

 the body they cause the formation of many small knob-like masses. These masses 

 unite and often form tubercular material of great size. 



Symptoms. A short dull cough is noticed when the lungs are involved. 

 As the disease progresses the animal grows thin, the skin grows harsh, eyes 

 sink in their sockets, quality of milk lessens and there is tenderness of chest 

 when pressure is applied. 



Treatment. Treatment is not seriously considered. However, many 

 cases can be prevented. Great care should be given to the feed, surroundings and 

 breeding of the animal, so it may resist infection when exposed to it. Apply the 

 tuberculin test to all strange cattle before permitting their entrance into the herd. 

 Do not allow healthy cattle to stay near an infected one. After slaughtering the 

 affected animal, scrub and disinfect the stables and walls. Remove all manure 

 and disinfect. A rigid exclusion of tuberculous animals will prevent the appear- 

 ance of the disease. 



Tuberculin Test. Stable and feed cattle as usual. Examine each one and 

 give a number by which it will be known during the test. Take the temperature 

 three or four times at two hour intervals on day of injection. At 8 or 10 p. m. 

 inject a dose of tuberculin under the skin in the region of the shoulder. First 

 disinfect the skin at point of injection with a 5 percent solution of carbolic acid 

 or any good antiseptic solution. It is not necessary to dilute the tuberculin made 

 by the Bureau of Animal Husbandry ; the dose is 2 cubic centimeters for a grown 

 cow. Yearlings and 2-year-olds may receive from one to one and a half cubic cen- 

 timeters. Extra large animals and bulls may receive 3 cubic centimeters. 

 Begin taking temperatures the next day at 6 a. m., and continue two or 



