I PEAS, BEANS, AND CEREAL GRAINS 65 



(/) Cereal Grains. 

 These include wheat, barley, oats, rye, maize. They 

 are only moderately rich in albuminoids (10 to 12 per 

 cent), but very rich in carbohydrates, since maize, rye, 

 and wheat contain 70 per cent; barley, 67 per cent, 

 and oats, 57 per cent. The carbohydrates are present 

 largely in the form of starch. 



Maize and oats are comparatively rich in oil, and on 

 this account are rather "heating" foods when fed to 

 animals. All the rest are poor in oil (2 per cent). 

 The fibre is very low (2 per cent), except in oats 

 (10 per cent) and barley (5 per cent). 



Rice, dari, and millet may also be included in this 

 group ; the first two can be taken as approximately 

 equal to maize in composition, except that they are 

 slightly poorer in oil (rice, 4 per cent ; dari, 3^ per 

 cent), while millet is about equal to oats. 



To the feeder the cereal grains are almost indispens- 

 able for mixing with foods rich in oil and albuminoids 

 and poor in carbohydrates (oil-cakes). With oil-cakes 

 high in fibre, maize should generally be used. Oats 

 are specially useful for all classes of stock, including 

 calves. Cereal grains may form a very large proportion 

 of the concentrated food in the ration for cattle, when 

 rapid fattening is not required. For pigs they are 

 sufficient by themselves for fattening purposes. 



(g) Miscellaneous Seeds. 



Acorns. The fruits of the oak tree (Quercus} are 

 shed on the ground in autumn, when they may cause 

 acorn poisoning in cattle. Some varieties of oak are 

 said to yield more poisonous acorns than others. 



E 



