MILLING OFFALS 69 



tendency when fed to animals, and are useful for feeding 

 with laxative foods. Ground linseed cake (laxative) and 

 fine middlings (binding) when blended together make a 

 splendid calf meal. 



Coarse Middlings (Sharps or Thirds). These come 

 between bran and fine middlings in fineness, passing 

 through screens with say eleven wires to the inch, and 

 remaining on twenty to twenty-two to the inch. They 

 contain the very fine bran and any flour adhering to 

 same, plus the germ. Their composition would be about 

 i per cent, richer in oil, and 5 per cent, poorer in carbo- 

 hydrates, than fine middlings. 



Bran. Bran is the outer skin of the wheat, and often 

 extends as deep as the aleurone layer, carrying with it 

 a certain amount of flour. It is the coarsest part of the 

 milling offals, and is retained on a screen with eleven 

 wires to the inch. Oftentimes it is separated into 

 broad bran (over six wires per inch), and fine bran 

 (under six and over eleven wires) ; the former command- 

 ing 2Os. to 303. per ton more than the latter. The 

 coarse is generally used for horses and the fine for 

 cattle. 



Bran is a favourite food for all classes of live stock. 

 Being bulky, it is useful for mixing with highly concen- 

 trated foods to open them up. When made into a mash 

 with hot water, and fed to live stock, it has a laxative 

 tendency. 



It contains 14 per cent, albuminoids, 4 per cent, 

 oil, 56 per cent, carbohydrates, and 9 per cent, fibre. 

 The ash is rich in phosphates, but somewhat poor in 

 lime. 



