154 THE STOCKFEEDER'S COMPANION 



inferior foods generally. This kind of treatment causes 

 them to lose their " calf-flesh," with the result that they 

 are longer in maturing, and never get the size and show 

 the quality which they might have done had they been 

 fed more liberally. Stock-owners are becoming more 

 alive to the importance and profitableness of keeping 

 calves intended for beef in good condition during the 

 first twelve months. Early maturity or baby beef is 

 the great aim of to-day, and it is wise economy to see 

 that they do not lose their " calf-flesh." 



Hand-Rearing. This is practised on dairy farms 

 where the milk is required for milk-selling, cheese- 

 making, or butter-making. The calves are fed three 

 times a day from two to four weeks on their mothers' 

 milk, after which time the whole milk should be 

 gradually substituted with separated milk and a fat 

 substitute such as cod-liver oil, cotton-seed oil, or a 

 suitable calf meal. 



A word of caution is necessary at this point in 

 feeding newly born calves which have been bought in 

 the market or elsewhere. These calves are brought to 

 their new home hungry and starved, and it is quite 

 natural to give them on arrival a large feed of milk, to 

 which the calf is not yet accustomed, consequently 

 the calf scours, and in several cases is lost. A much 

 better plan is to place it in a warm box, give it a dose 

 of castor oil, and then feed it with about a quart of 

 newly drawn milk three times a day for the first two 

 or three days, after that gradually increase the quantity. 



Where cod-liver oil is used as a fat substitute, one 

 should commence when the calf is about two weeks old 

 with a very small quantity at first, and gradually 

 increase up to a maximum of I tablespoonful each 

 meal by the end of the first month. It is best to pour 



