294 THE STOCKFEEDER'S COMPANION 



(d) Large or small pulses. Small pulses are to be 

 found in laminitis, gastritis (inflammation of mucous 

 membrane of the stomach), and enteritis. 



Combinations of these varieties of pulses are 

 common ; e.g^ frequent and hard, as in epizootic 

 lymphangitis ; quick and hard in laminitis ; small and 

 hard in gastritis ; or persistently small, quick, and hard, 

 as in enteritis. 



Respirations. These may be : (a) quicker than 

 normal, as in laminitis, gastritis, spasmodic and flatulent 

 colic, etc. ; (b) laboured, as in lockjaw, etc. ; (c) shallow, 

 as in flatulent colic. The breathing may be hurried, as 

 in laminitis, and in some cases spasmodic. Combina- 

 tions of these are found in the case of flatulent colic, 

 where the breathing is quickened and shallow. 



Ailments of Horses. 



The many ailments affecting horses may be placed 

 for convenience into four classes, viz.: (i) fevers; (2) 

 ailments due to errors of diet; (3) ailments due to 

 errors of management ; (4) bony diseases. The general 

 treatment in these cases is as follows : 



(i) Fevers. Several ailments of horses are caused 

 by the presence and activity of certain bacteria in the 

 system. As these bacteria multiply in the body they 

 secrete what are known as "toxins," which have an 

 injurious effect on the animal body, causing generally 

 speaking a rise in the temperature of from 2 to 10 F. 

 above the normal. When contact with an affected 

 animal is necessary before a horse can contract the 

 disease, it is called "contagious," as in the case of 

 glanders ; but when the organism is light and capable 

 of being carried about in the air, so that a horse 

 may inhale the organism without coming in actual 



