TUNICATA. 315 



particulars. The' spines of the branchial aperture, moreover, are characteristic (figs. 

 33 and 34). 



Cynthia lanka, n. sp. Plate IV., figs. 1 to 13. 



External Appearance. A sandy mass of ovoid form, with a narrower anterior end 

 raised to form a slight ridge, at the extremities of which the apertures are placed 

 (figs. 3 and 4). Size, 2 '5 centims. x 2 centims. 



Test closely encrusted with a layer of sand, not thick. 



Mantle thin and transparent, with prominent muscular siphons, atrial the longer 

 (figs. 5, 6). Branchial siphon lined by closely placed, sharp-pointed spines (fig. 12). 



Branchial Sac with six folds on each side. There are five to seven internal bars 

 on a fold and about three to five rows of meshes in each interspace. The meshes are 

 square, contain each four stigmata, and may be crossed by a narrow horizontal 

 membrane (fig. 11). 



Dorsal Lamina in the form of short curved tentacular languets (fig. 10). 



Tentacles much branched. 



Dorsal Tubercle small, widely cordate, with the opening anterior (figs. 7 to 9). 



Gonads a double row on each side opening into a zig-zag duct (figs 5, 6, 13). 



Localities : (l) Station XLIX., south-west of Cheval Paar, 8|- fathoms, one 

 specimen; (2) Station LXVL, off Mutwal Island, 10 to 35 fathoms, two specimens; 

 (3) Station XIX., Palk Bay, 8 fathoms, five specimens'; (4) Station XXIV., Outer 

 Bay, Trincomalee, 24 to 46 fathoms, half a dozen specimens. 



This sandy Cynthia, to which I have given the ancient native name of Ceylon, 

 seems undescribed. The appearance of the alimentary canal and gonads, as seen 

 when the test is removed (figs. 5 and 6), recall Cynthia jacatrensis, SLTJITER, from 

 Malaysia, C. molguloides, from Australia, and VAN NAME'S var. munita of TRAUSTEDT'S 

 West Indian C. riiseana, from Bermuda, but our Ceylon species differs from all of 

 these. Notwithstanding the very complete armature of spines lining the branchial 

 siphon (fig. 12), there were several parasitic Copepoda in the branchial sac. 



The zig-zag arrangement of the oviduct connecting the gonads is a conspicuous 

 feature. Fig. 1 3 shows a portion of the organ enlarged. 



FAMILY: STYELID.E. 



Styela lapidosa, n. sp. Plate V., figs. 7 to 15. 



External Appearance. Of oblong, ovate form, apparently unattached, with the 

 anterior end rather the wider, and covered closely and uniformly with coarse quartz 

 sand grains (figs. 7 to 9). Apertures both on the rounded anterior end, not prominent, 

 inconspicuous. Surface and colour due to the sand; size, 2 - 3 centims. long by 1*2 

 centims. wide. 



Test thin, but stiffened by the sand, brittle, transparent on inner surface letting 

 the sand grains show through distinctly. 



2 s 2 



