36 



sometimes with ridges representing the septa. Interior of the coral entirely occupied by 

 vesicular tissue, the cells of which are extremely oblique to the surface, or almost parallel with 

 it, and vary from half a line to a line and a half or more in height, the largest being near 

 the centre. Length most usually from two inches and a half to a foot ; diameter from three 

 quarters of an inch to an inch and a half. 



This species is the commonest of the forms of Cystiphyttum in the Corniferous Lime- 

 stone. It is allied to 0. vesiculosum (Goldfuss), but differs in its larger and more oblique 

 cells, and its thinner epitheca. Most generally the coral is found in a completely decorticated 

 condition, when the cells are generally seen to be plainly arranged in a succession of infundi- 

 buliforui layers, each of which represents a periodic calice ; so that the specimen looks as if it 

 were composed of a series of hollow cones fitting into one another. According to Mr. Billings, 

 specimens sometimes reach a length of two feet ; but they are most commonly from four or 

 five to nine inches long. 



Locality and Formation. Common in the Corniferous Limestone almost everywhere in 

 Western Ontario. 



32. CYSTIPHYLLTJM GRANDE (Billings). 



Cystiphyttum grande (Billings), Canadian Journal, New Series, Vol. IV. p. 138, 



" This species is very large, tu'rbinate, more or less curved, and enveloped in a thin 

 wrinkled epitheca. Cup deep, bell-shaped, either striated with the rudimentary radiating 

 septa, or consisting of an uniform surface of the small depressed convex cellular elevations. 

 The growth appears to have been intermittent, or by the formation of successive layers of cells, 

 upon the inner surface of the cup, and consequently in longitudinal sections the substance of 

 the whole mass is seen to be arranged in a series of funnel-shaped strata, placed one within 

 another. The separation between the layers is much more distinct in some specimens than in 

 others " (Billings). 



G. grande is closely allied to C. vesiculosum, (Goldfuss), and C. Senecaense, (Billings) ; but it 

 is distinguished from the former by its much larger dimensions, and from the latter by its 

 broadly, expanding instead of cylindrical form. Though mostly from six inches to a foot in 

 length, Mr. Billing mentions that it attains a length of three teet and a diameter of five inches. 

 It is not a common species. 



Locality and Formation. Corniferous Limestone, Walpole ; and Lot 6, Con. 1, Wain- 

 fleet. 



33. CYSTIPHYLLUM AMERICANUM (Edwards and Haime). 



(Plate VI. Fig. 8.) 



Cystiphyttum Americanum (Edwards and Haime), Pol. Fos. des Terr. Paleozoiques, p t 

 464. Plate XI II. Fig. 4. 



Cystiphyttum cylindricum (Hall), Geology of New York, Part 4, p. 209, No. 48, Figs. 1 

 and 2. (Not Cystiphyttum cylindricum. Edwards and Haime). 



Cystiphyttum Americanum (Billings), Canadian Journal, New Series, Vol., IV. p. 139. 



Corallum simple, very variable in form, mostly more or less curved, elongated, cylindri- 

 cal, sometimes increasing in diameter towards the cup, sometimes diminishing. Epitheca 

 thin, sometimes nearly smooth and with but a few encircling annulations of growth and fine 

 strise, more commonly with numerous pronounced encircling folds, which are usually sharp- 

 edged and imbricating, but sometimes rounded. Calice moderately deep, usually circular, 

 sometimes disproportionately small as compared with the size of the corallum. Septal fur- 

 rows in the interior of the calice usually well-marked, but generally consisting of rows of 

 elongated vesicles. The bottom of the calice, also, is usually occupied by a group of 

 larger or smaller bullse. Internal structure vesicular throughout, the vesicles near the ex- 

 terior varying from le.^s than half a line to a line and a half in width and those of the centre 

 being a little larger. The smallest individual observed had a length of one inch,and a diame- 

 ter of the cup of half an inch ; the largest had a length of four inches and a diameter of the 

 calice an inch and a quarter, but larger individuals than this appear to occur. 



In form C. Americanum is extremely variable, the most common type being perfectly 

 straight and the next most common type being abruptly curved, nearly at right angles, from a 



