III. Sriir.n UUK <!KIT. Tin- Cauda-d'alli (irit '^raduare- in-.n-ibly upward- into a fine- 

 ined calcareous sandstone, lithologioally not unlike the Oris.<any andstone, ami known as 



the " Sehoharie <!rit." This sand-tone i< only about tour feet in thi -kn. <-. and is riehl; 

 siliferous. The organic remains are deeidedlv Devonian in th--ir ch;-.racter. and some of the 







more tv pied s] "ii into the overlying Cornilerous limestone without change. As ex- 



ample- ot such may be mentioned >//(>/</<//" mt ii,//n '. S. ' ' IS, and N. /-, 



v epree of the Schoharie Grit has been detected ia Can d:i u -previously 



od, the S'i-called Oriskany Sandstone ol' Western Ontario is truly the equivalent, in part 

 if not altogether, of this formation. 



IV. UPPER HELDERBEUG OR CouNiFERors LIMKST<>M .- -Tl ntially arenaceous 



deposits of the ( 'aiulu-< .alii <irit and Sehoharie Grit are sur nnted by thf trroup of rdca- 



reous sediments, which may be called " Upper Helderberi:," from their development in tho 

 mountains of this name, or "Cornifeious," from their usually having di-.- minuted thruU'jh them 

 considerable quantities, of siliceous matter in the shape of hornstone or chert (Latin 

 horn). In the State of New York these calcareous sfdimcnts are divided into two closely re- 

 lated groups, <(' which the lower has a thickness of aumt twenty fret, and i< termed the 

 " Onondaira Limestone /'whilst the upper is about fifty feet thick, and constitutes the " Cor- 

 niferous Limestone'' proper. 



1 .en in the .state of New York the distinction between the Onondaga and C'orniferoup 

 Lime-tones i- one of little moment ; and in Canada no such (separation can be m 

 In Western Ontario the limeston. .- which rejire-ent the Onondaga and ('firniferoiis limeston."- 

 of NI w \'ork. constitute a single formation indivisilile ujion either palffiODtologioal orli 1 

 cal irrounds. and to this the name of '' ('orniferous Limestone' lias bren _ei;.'raby applied by 

 the Canadian p'oli.. The formation appears in Canada to have a thickne.-s ..I a'ooiit one 



hundred and sixty i'eet, and it is estimated by Sir William Lo-an to cover an area of probably 

 not less than -ix or seven thousand xjuari- miles. It is, however, tor the nuf-t part deeply 

 covered by drift, and i-, therefore, but rarelv exposed. Throughout almost it.> whole extmt 

 it is richly fi^-ilil'mm 1 -, it- organic remains consist iipj mainly and chaiacteri>tically of 

 coral-, tin-re being, however, also numerous llraehiopods. ( lasieropoil.-. I'olv/oa, S- 

 TlilobiteB, and ( 'rinoi-1-. 



V. M \u< KI.I.I s SHALE. This frroup con-i-t- of a -rrie- of black fis-ile shale-. 

 times with -nbordin at<- layer- of impure lime-tone, the wh..|.- having a thicknc ol I 'nan fifty 

 tO One hundred f----t. No rcpre-i-nt.-itive of thi- ;_Toup ai di-:inct iVom the Mverlyin 



ianiiltori u'n.iip. has a- yet been --ni-lactoi ily d.-t'Tiiiincd in Can.\d;i 



VI. HAMII/IMN Ci'.,! p. 'I'hi- LTtuip con-i-l-. of a -( ri,- of arL'ilhiceous. shaly. "r 



flaL". y b' }-. with thin course-- of lim.'-t. which varie- in thirkn<---. ii\ the State of Y ^ 



Fork, from tWO hundred tO a- mucli as twelve hundred I'eet. In Can .d.i the Hamilton 

 (iroiip i- well n-pr' . by aririllaceou- :md e, .vitli intercalated b-d- of h 



10, th'- whole haviir/ an e-timnted (hici. about threi- hiuidred feet. Tlioii 



in- a eon-i. lei-able -ire-, in \\'e-tern Oman,,, tic- Hamilton bed- are seldom well e\; 'Hid 



they arebeBl \hibited in tii,- Townabipt of Botanquel and Plympton. The\ are el 



or^anie remain 'in ' f,, r (|,,. mi ,,| |, :ir t. ofe,,nl-. Mrachiopod-. an-! I' 



Vli. Ti i.i v LofMTom [n the eaitern portion of the Bute of Nen V-ik the 



ol tlic Hamilton tiroiip are Mirinounti-d bv :i dark l-lu-- lime-tone, ab ,,ut t\M-nf\ t- .-t in thi. -I. 



