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PARAGRAPH XXXVIII. 



PRINCIPLES OF FEDERAL OR STATE FOREST 



ADMINISTRATION. 



A. Principles of organization : 



1. Merit system; permanent employment; rank and salary 

 increasing with duration of service. 



2. Good pay; pensions as in the army. 



3. Higher grades of officials (administrators, conservators, 

 supervisors, superintendents, chief foresters) to be secured from 

 men of special training; lower grades or merely protective staff 

 to be recruited from the best workmen. 



4. The area in charge of an officer depends on land prices 

 and stumpage prices, intensity of management, dangers threat- 

 ening the forest and number of tasks (fish, game, roads, saw- 

 mills, etc.) entrusted to the official. 



Example: In Germany, a superior state officer is in charge 

 of a forest running from 2,500 acres up to 30,000 acres. For 

 Pennsylvania, districts of 10,000 acres are advocated. In the 

 national forests, a supervisor has charge of 1,000,000 acres 

 or more. 



5. The official (supervisor, oberfoerster, conservator) in charge 

 of a forest is responsible for all of the work within the forest; 

 and should be given the largest possible amount of authority. 

 It is necessary, however, to have his work inspected from time 

 to time, so as to prevent abuse of authority. Administrators 

 should have sufficient help in the office. 



B. Principles of management: 



The basal principle of public forest management lies in the 

 maxim: "Direct returns plus indirect returns must yield the 

 highest possible dividend on the investment." 



"Rotation" is the number of years which a forest is allowed 

 to live. A high rotation means a large investment in stumpage 



