FOREST POLICY. 167 



diseases (pathological diseases like Diaporthe parasitica and 

 Peridermiuni strobi) being co-imported. 



11. Exportations : 



Export premia are granted by countries either wishing to 

 encourage export or else \x'ishing to meet custom duties of 

 countries to be invaded. Such premia are usually paid by 

 means of a differential freight tariff. 



Export duties are imposed by countries in which forests are 

 scarce or in which the supply of especially valuable species is 

 approaching exhaustion ; or else, by countries which desire to 

 encourage home manufactures by prohibiting the exportation 

 of logs and of pulpwood. 



The South American states thus attempt to prevent the ex- 

 portation of quebracho wood whilst Quebec and Ontario discrim- 

 inate against the exportation of logs and pulp-wood. Similarly, 

 the exportation, out of South Dakota, of lumber and of timber 

 (unless it be from dead trees) cut in the Black Hills is prohibited. 



The exports of forestproducts (including manufactures of all 

 kinds) from the United States had a value 



in 1004 of $ 82,500,000.00 



in 1905 of $ 75,300,000.00 



in 1906 of $ 90,190,000.00 



in 1907 of $106,200,000.00 



in 1908 of $104,300,000.00 



The most important item of our exports in true forestry pro- 

 ducts is that of boards, deals and planks which comprises over V:i 

 of all forestry exports and has a value in 1908 of $36,000,000.00. 



Next important is rosin, comprising over lOo/o of all forestry 

 exports. Sawed timber ranks third and turpentine ranks fourth. 



Significant is the following, for 1908: , 



1. The value of our true forestry exports exceeded that of 

 our true forestry imports by $31,355,852.00. 



2. Estimated in feet b. m., our forestry exports exceeded the 

 imports by 1000 million feet b. m., the imports (1500 million 

 feet b. m.) being '/.-> of the exports (2500 million feet b. m.). 



3. The true forestry exports form 5.7 /o of the entirety of 

 our exports (of $1,834,786,357.00). 



