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of, provided the fall of water be not great, a Lock, will fuffite^ 

 which is made up only of bars of wood called Rimers, fet per- 

 pendicularly to the bottom of the paffage (which are more or lefs 

 according to its breadth) and Lockrgates put down between eve- 

 ry two of them, or boards put athwart them, which will keep 

 ahead of water as well as the Turn-pike for the paffage of a Barge 

 but mull be all pulled up at its arrival, and the water let go till 

 there is an abatement of the fall, before the boat may pafs either 

 down or upwards ; which, with the ftream, is not without vio- 

 lent precipitation ; and again ft it, at many places, not without 

 the help of a Cap/lain at Land ; and fomtimes neither of them 

 without imminent danger. 



44. But where the declivity of the Channel, and fall of wai- 

 ter is fo great, that few barges could live in the paffage of them^ 

 there we have Turn-pikes, whereof there are three between 0x- 

 ford and Bercot ; oneat^ey, another at Sanford, and a third at 

 Culbam in the Swift-ditch, which was cut at that time when the 

 River was made navigable ; and are all thus contrived. Firft, 

 there are placed a great pair of Folding doors, or Flood-gates of 

 Timber crofs the river, that open againft the ftream and (hut with 

 it, not fo as to come even in a ftraightline, but in an obtufe angle, 

 the better to refill and bear the weight of the water, which by how 

 much the greater it is, by Co much the clofer are the gates preffed ; 

 in each of which Flood-gates there is a fluse to let the water 

 through at pleafure , without opening the gates themfelves. 

 Within thefe, there is a large fquare taken out of the river, built 

 up at each fide with Free-ftone, big enough to receive the largeft 

 barge afloat ; and at the other end another pair of Flood-gates, 

 opening, and (hutting, and having /luces like the former. Which 

 is the whole Fabrickof a Turn-pike- 



45. Attheuppermoft pair of thefe gates the water is ftopt, 

 which raifes it in the river above, and gives the Vejjels paffage o- 

 ver the fallows, which when come to the Turn pikes, the Sluces 

 are firft opened, and the water let in to the fquare or inclofed 

 fpace between the two pair of gates, where it muft neceffarily 

 rife (the lower gates being (hut) till at length it comes to be level 

 with the furfaceof the river above : when this is done, the up- 

 per ftream then making no fuch preflure on the gates as before^ 

 they are eafily opened by two or three men, and the Vejfds let in 



Gg one 



