i68 



THE FORMATION 



208. The chart used is a decimeter square, and the scale is consequently 

 10 :i. It is outlined on centimeter plotting paper, and the centimeter squares 

 are numbered at the edges to correspond to the intervals of the quadrat, i. e., 

 the top and bottom lines are numbered from left to right, and the side lines 

 from top to bottom. These outlines are ruled in quantity and used as needed, 

 or the forms can be furnished by the printer. In practice, a special quadrat 

 book the size of the chart has been used. The need of a second book may be 

 avoided by outlining two charts on the plotting sheet, and filing the latter in 

 the field record book. In the few cases where 2-meter quadrats are desir- 

 able, four charts are used, care being taken to label them so that they can be 

 combined whenever necessary. Ten-meter quadrats are recorded on the deci- 

 meter chart also, each meter interval corresponding to a centimeter, i. e., the 

 scale is ioo:i. 



Fig. r.i. Permanent chart quadrat, Andosacilc, Carcx-Campanula- 

 coryphium. 



209. Mapping is invariably begun at the upper left-hand comer of the 

 chart, and is carried across the strip marked off by the plotting tape, deci- 

 meter by decimeter. As soon as this strip is completed, a second one is 

 formed by moving the top tape to a position one decimeter below the plotting 

 tape, which then becomes the upper one. This is repeated until the last strip 

 is reached. Little difficulty is experienced in locating each plant exactly, as 



