CARTOGRAPHY 



185 



points is greatly to be desired at the hands of all ecologists. Here, as in 

 the case of the standard scale, uniformity will be found the more desirable 

 the more impossible it is made by ignoring it. In the use of color to repre- 

 sent regions and provinces, on maps too small to indicate formations, the 

 color of each division is represented by the color of its dominant forma- 

 tion ; thus the prairie province is colored ochroleucus on account of the 

 color used to represent prairie formations, the boreal-subalpine zone 

 atrovirens on account of the typical coniferous forests, etc. No endeavor 

 has been made to take account of the various types of formations, e. g., the 

 different coniferous forests, as this is a problem to be worked out for more 

 local maps in various shades of dark green, etc. The following color scheme 

 which has been based upon the points made above is proposed as a satis- 

 factory solution of the problem. The color standard used is that of 

 Saccardo's Chromotaxia. 



I. Hydrophytic Formations : bbte 



1. Marine: cyaneus 



2. Brackish: ardesiacus 



3. Freshwater: caeruleus 



4. Swamps and marshes : caeshis 

 11. Mesophytic Formations 



A. Forest formations : green 



1. Coniferous forests: atrovirens 



2. Broadleaved evergreen forests : viridis 



3. Deciduous forests : Hanu-virens 



B. Grassland formations : yellow 



1. Meadows : w^//f?n.y 



2. Prairies: ochroleucus 



C. Culture and waste formations: red 



1. Fields : ruber 



2. Groves and orchards : atropurpureus 



3. Wastes : purpiireiis 

 III. Xerophytic Formations : brozvn 



1. Deserts : isabellinus 



2. Plains and steppes: avellaneus 



3. Saline formations : iimbriniis 



4. Arctic-alpine formations: testaceus 



233. Formation and vegetation maps are detailed maps of a single 

 formation or a series of them, showing the formational limits, and when 

 the scale is not too small, the ecotones of zones and consocies. In the cases 



