Development of Silviculture. 55 



and in Prussia (1764) to pine. And this marginal 

 seeding method remained for a long time the favorite 

 method for the conifers. 



To avoid long strips and distribTite the fellings more 

 conveniently, v. Berlepsch (in Kassel) recommended (in 

 1760) the cutting in echelons (curtain method, Koid- 

 issenhieb), which insured better seeding, hut increased 

 danger from windfall and was never much practiced, 

 the disadvantages of the method being shown up espe- 

 cially in the Prussian Forest Order of 1788. 



In the first half of the 18th century it was recognized 

 that the wind danger would be considerably reduced by 

 making the fellings progress from East or ]S"ortheast to 

 "West; the conception of a regular properly located fell- 

 ing series being first elaborated in 1745 by von Langen 

 in the Harz moimtains, who also accentuated the neces- 

 sity of preserving a wind mantle on exposed situations. 

 Both of these propositions reappear in the Prussian 

 Order of 1780, according to which the fellings are to 

 proceed in a breadth of twenty to thirty-five rods from 

 East to West. 



The application of a nursetree method for conifers 

 was proposed in 1787 by v. Burgsdorf (Prussia), a dark 

 position (Dunkelschlag) and a regeneration period of 

 seven years being advocated. 



In iroadleaved forest, besides the selection forest, the 

 natural result of the sprouting capacity of the hardwood 

 had led to a coppice method which was extensively relied 

 upon for fuel production. This was rarely, however, a 

 simple coppice, for intentionally or unintentionally some 

 seedlings or sprouts would be allowed to grow on, leading 

 to a composite forest and finally to a regular coppice 



