106 Oermany. 



much older; Hossfeld, in 1824, and Jager in 1850, ad- 

 vocating them for financial reasons, while Koenig and 

 Pressler anticipated the development of an individual 

 tree management by pruning, and differentiation of final 

 harvest and nurse crop, a method which is working itself 

 out at the present time. 



5. Methods of Forest Organization. 



As stated before, to Hartig and Cotta belongs the 

 credit of having applied systematically on a large scale 

 methods of forest organization for sustained yield ; Har- 

 tig having been active in Prussia since 1811, and Cot 

 beginning to organize the Saxon forests in the same year^ 

 The method employed by Hartig, the so-called volume 

 allotment, had been already formulated and its founds 

 tion laid by Kregting and others (although Hartig seema 

 to have claimed the invention) . But it was reserved 

 Hartig to build up this method in its detail, and 

 formulate clearly and precisely its application as well 

 to improve the practice of forest survey, calculation ol 

 increment and the making of yield tables. His methc 

 involved a survey, a subdivision, a construction ol 

 yield tables and the formulation of working plans, 

 which the principle according to which the forest w 

 to be managed during the whole rotation was laic 

 down for each district. The rotation was determine 

 divided into periods, finally of twenty years, and thfl 

 periodic volume yield represented by all stands was dig 

 tributed through all the periods of the rotation so as 

 make the periodic felling budgets approximately equal) 

 or, since the tendency to increased wood consuraptioi 

 was recognized, an increase of the felling budget toward 





