110 Germany. 



is found in application only in Austria and Baden. 



An entirely new principle in the theory of forest 

 organization was introduced, when the aim of forest 

 management was formulated to be the highest soil 

 rent. According to this requirement the proper harvest 

 time of any stand, or even of any tree, was to be de- 

 termined by the so-called index per cent., that is, a cal- 

 culation which determines whether a stand or a tree is 

 still producing at a proper predetermined rate, or is de- 

 clining. The advocates of this principle were especially 

 Pressler (professor of mathematics at Tharand, 1840 to 

 1843) and 0. Heyer, son of Carl Heyer, who based his 

 method on his father's formula, merely introducing 

 values for volumes. Judeicli, director of the Tharand 

 school, also developed in the sixties a method based upon] 

 financial theory which is to attain the highest rate perl 

 cent, on the capital invested in forest production. Onj 

 the basis of survey and subdivision of working blocl 

 composing a felling series, and with a rotation deter-l 

 mined by financial calculations with interest accounts,! 

 he makes a periodic area division for determining thej 

 felling budget in general, and in addition employs the 

 index per cent., as explained, for determining in eacl 

 allotted stand the more exact time for its harvest. 



While these men pleaded for a strict finance calcula- 

 tion, such as is properly applied to any business making 

 financial results the main issue, the defenders of the old 

 regime, which sought the object of forest management 

 mainly in highest material or value production, advanced 

 as their financial program the attainment of the highest 

 forest rent as opposed to the highest soil rent. They 

 neglected and derided the complicated interest calcula- 



