168 Austria-Hungary. 



garian forest director, Der europaeische Flugsand und 

 seine Kultur describes in detail the principles and 

 methods of reclamation of shifting sands. 



Most of the Hungarian forestry literature being writ- 

 ten in the Magyar language, is inaccessible to the rest of 

 the world. 



Efforts by private endeavor to promote forestry edu- 

 cation date back as early as 1796, when Forest Inspector 

 Vizner opened an elementary forest school and wrote a 

 forestry catechism. 



This effort was followed in 1806 by introducing the 

 subject in the agricultural school at Keszthely, and in 

 1808 in the school of mines in Schemnitz (Selmecz 

 banya), a German forester Wilkins filling the chair, 

 while a special forest school was established at Hermann- 

 stadt in 1817. 



The forestry courses at Schemnitz were enlarged and 

 the school re-organized in 1846 and again in 1872 ; one 

 of the changes being the use of the Hungarian language 

 in its instruction, which had originally been in German. 



In 1904 the course which was 3 years and only option- 

 ally 4 (one year for engineering education) was made 4 

 years for all, and is obligatory for all higher grade State 

 officials. 



In Croatia-Slavonia, which is in many respects separ- 

 ately administered, an agricultural and forestry school 

 exists at Kreutz (Koros) with a three-year course. 



For the lower service four schools of two-year courses 

 have been established by the government, the instruc- 

 tion being given by practitioners, and some of the 

 students receiving free tuition. 



