176 Switzerland. 



had accentuated the protective value of forest cover were 

 the forest ordinances more strenuously enforced, and a 

 general movement for better management began. This 

 was partly signalized by sending young men to the forest 

 schools of Germany. 



Largely through the influence of a lively propaganda 

 carried on by such men as Landolt and Coaz, backed by 

 the Svtdss forestry association, founded in 1848, and 

 through the increase of torrential floods, especially in 

 1834 and 1868, was it made clear that a central power 

 would have to be clothed with authority to regulate the 

 use of the alpine forest at least. 



In 1857 the Bund ordered an investigation of the 

 mountain forests in all parts; this was made by Lan- 

 dolt. At the same time an annual vote of $2,000 was 

 made to the Forestry association for reforestation and 

 engineering works in the Alps. This grant was changed 

 in 1871 by voting an annual credit of $20,000 to be ex- 

 pended by the Bundesrath for similar purposes. The 

 floods of 1868 brought such distress in certain cantons 

 that contributions from all other parts were required to 

 assist the flood sufferers; and of the collections $200,- 

 000 were appropriated for reforestation. Finally in 

 1874 it was determined to create a central bureau of 

 forest inspection for the whole Bund in the Department 

 of the Interior, and a law was passed in 1876 declaring 

 the superior right of oversight by the Federation over 

 the water and forest police in the high Alps, proposing 

 to aid in the engineering and reboisement work neces- 

 sary to correct the torrents, and to take measures for the 

 preservation of these works and forests. 



It will be noted that the federal surveillance was to 



