THE SCANDINAVIAN STATES. 



Under the name of Scandinavian States we may com- 

 prise the countries of Sweden, Xorway and Denmark 

 which were settled by the same group of Grerman tribes, 

 the so-called Xorsemen; they originally spoke the same 

 language, which only later became more or less differen- 

 tiated. The settlement of the country by these tribes 

 seems to have been accomplished in the main by the end 

 of the 8th century ; and the separation into the three sev- 

 eral kingdoms in the ninth to twelfth centuries, during 

 which time they were sometimes united, or at least under 

 one ruler, sometimes at war with each other, and always 

 torn by interior dissensions bordering on anarchy. 



In the English langxiage the Report on Forestry in Smeden, by Gen. C. C. 

 Andrxws, U. S. Minister at Stockholm 1872, revised 1900. 35 pp. gives a state- 

 ment of present conditions with historical notes. 



A very good idea in detail of the wood trade of Sweden may be obtained from 

 The Wood Industries of Sweden, published by TIMBER TRADES JOURNAL 

 of London in 1896. 



La Suhie, son peuple et son indmtri*, by G. Shmdbarg, 1900, 2 vols., con- 

 -juns several pertinent chapters. It is an official work, very complete, and was 

 translated into English in 1904. 



Tht Economic History of the Svtedish Forest, by Gojnar Schottk, 1905, 

 3a pp., in Swedish, published by the forestry association, gives a brief account of 

 conditions and data of the forestry movement. 



Norway. Official pablication for the Paris Exposition, 1900, contains a chap- 

 ter on Forestry by K. A. Faucbald, pp. 321-350, with a map of forest distribution. 



Le Danemarc, Etat actuel de sa civilization et de son organiMotion sociaJt^ 

 by J. Carlskn, H. Ouuc and C. N. Starckb, 1900, 714 pp. 



Denmark, iU history and topography, etc., by H. Wkitkmkvkr, 1891. 



Bidrag til det Danske Skovlrrugs Historic, by O. LtmcKS, 1900, was not 

 accessible to the writer. 



A Danish forester, Mr. Bendizsen has kindly rerised the statements in this 

 volume. 



Extensive notes are found through the German, Austrian and French for- 

 estry journals. Especially an article in the Centralblatt fur das gesammte Forst- 

 wesen, 1905 (briefed in Forestry Quarterly, voL III, p. >93) gives an extended 

 account of forest conditions in Sweden. 



