266 DenmarJc. 



other wastes in process of reforestation. Especially on 

 the island of Jylland, on which the capital, Copen- 

 hagen, is situated, the forest area is now increasing by 

 planting. The balance, or nearly 20 per cent., consists 

 of heaths, moors, peatbogs and sands. 



The peninsula of Jiitland is a large sandbank with ex- 

 tensive sand dunes, shifting sands, heaths and moors, 

 some of which probably were never forested, while a 

 hardwood forest of beech and oak covered the better 

 soils. 



While originally Beech was and is still the predom- 

 inant timber (60%) with considerable additions of Oak 

 (7%) and other hardwoods, a conifer forest of Spruce 

 and Pine covering more than 20% of the forest area has 

 been established by planting. 



This planting has been mainly done on the dunes and 

 sandwastes, of which there were some 20,000 square 

 miles in existence, and in the reclamation of the 

 extensive heaths and moors or peat bogs, which are 

 found especially on the west coast and in the north- 

 em Limfjord district, occupying one-sixth of the im- 

 productive area. 



As was natural, the forest stocked on good farm land 

 had to yield early to plow and pasture. Attempts at 

 conservative use of the forest area date back to 1557 

 when Christian III issued a forest ordinance directing 

 his vassals or liege lords to permit the peasants to secure 

 their domestic wood requirements at a cheap rate, but 

 not to permit cutting for sale or export, and reserving to 

 himself all returns from such sales. There were also 

 regulations for the pasture, especially as to goats, and 



