Slavish States. 2 73 



3,000,000 people, under a German prince as king since 

 1887. The forest area* of 7.5 million acres (30 per cent. 

 of the land area), mostly deciduous (oak, beech, walnut, 

 etc.), and largely confined to the mountains, is one-half 

 in communal o^^nership, one-sixth in private hands, 

 mostly small vroodlots, and one-third State property ; but 

 ownership rights are still much in doubt. The only 

 efforts to improve forest use have been a law ordering 

 the stoppage of rights of user, substituting money pay- 

 ment (10 per cent, of value), and another restricting 

 the diameter to which the most valuable export timber, 

 walnut, may be cut. Political exigencies, absence of an 

 organization, and other undeveloped conditions have 

 largely prevented enforcement of these laws. The ex- 

 port of walnut has increased fourteenfold in the last 

 four years. 



Servia, a kingdom with 19,000 square mUes and 

 2,000,000 people, has over 42 per cent, (five million 

 acres) stiQ in untouched forest, with valuable oak and 

 walnut, the forest being mainly used for hog-raising. The 

 inaccessibility of the forest area is such that the needs of 

 a large part of the population are more cheaply supplied 

 by importation, "which amounts to over one million cubic 

 feet. Lately the first attempt was made by the Minister 

 of Agriculture to bring order into the forest administra- 

 tion by importing German foresters. 



Roumania,j with 48,000 square miles and nearly 

 G,000,000 people, imder the capable administration of a 

 Hohenzollern prince. King Charles, was in Eoman times 

 a.s Dacia felix one of the most prosperous provinces, half 

 of it hQly and mountainous, the other half ia the rich al- 



*Forxtliche Rundschau, 1903. 

 ^Dieforstwirtscha/tlichen Verhaltnisse RumSHtens,\oa Mihail Vasilescu,1894. 

 Notice lur Ut/orits de Roumanie, in Statistica pSdurtldr Statulin. 1903. 



