312 Great Britain. 



sixth of the consumption. In addition to timber and 

 lumber, over 10 million dollars of wood pulp, and 60 

 million dollars of by-products are imported. 



Pine is the only native conifer of timber value, and 

 oak is the most important native deciduous tree, 

 found mostly in coppice or in old, overmature, strag- 

 gling pasture f woods. Compact larger forest areas 

 are entirely absent, but there are many small planta- 

 tions and parks. For, while Englishmen have not 

 been foresters, they have been active treeplanters, 

 and the mild climate has permitted the introduction of 

 many exotics, especially American conifers. Most of 

 these plantings have been for park and game purposes. 

 The most noted forest plantations are found in Scot- 

 land, among them the larch plantations of the Duke 

 of Athole (begun in 1728), of at one time over 10,000 

 acres, the ducal woodlands now covering over 20,000 

 acres; the pinery of 25,000 acres, belonging to the 

 Countess of Sealfield, the best managed forest prop- 

 erty, partly in natural regeneration, and others. But 

 these plantations too are mostly widely spaced and 

 trimmed, hence not producing timber of much value, 

 so that timber of British production is usually ruled 

 out by architects. 



2. Development of Forest Policy. 



The Saxons and Normans were primarily hunters, 

 and this propensity to the chase has impressed itself 

 upon their forest treatment into modern times. 



The Teutonic Saxons undoubtedly brought with 

 them the feudal and communal institutions of the 



