334 India. 



Lord Dalhousie, the then Governor-General, upon 

 the basis of the report of the superintendent of forests 

 at Pegu, Dr. McClelland, in 1855 laid down in states- 

 manlike manner an outline of a permanent forest policy 

 for the government and introduced the first professional 

 adviser. 



In 1856 a German forester from Hesse, Dietrich 

 Brandis (now Sir) was installed as superintendent of 

 forests for Pegu with wide powers under contract for 

 10 years, at a liberal salary, and pension after retire- 

 ment. The only possible check that could at first be 

 applied was to force the lumbermen to make contracts, 

 limit the diameter to which the exploitation was to be 

 allowed, and mark the trees to be felled. This was 

 done, naturally not without a large amount of friction. 



The result of this experiment in forest conservancy, 

 as the English are pleased to call it, was so satisfactory, 

 that in 1862 it was decided to organize a forest depart- 

 ment for all India; Brandis was entrusted with the or- 

 ganization, and in 1864 he was appointed head of the 

 new department under the Secretary of Public Works 

 with the title of Inspector-General, acting as adviser of 

 the various provincial governments. 



The forests of India during the next 20 years during 

 which Brandis held office, were, province by province, 

 brought under the regime of the Imperial Forest De- 

 partment, although the provincial governments retain 

 full and independent administrative power. 



The first problem was to settle ownership conditions, 

 which was done in the manner described before, by the 

 act of 1865, and by later acts. 



The discontent which was created by this act came 



