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How Much The Program 

 Cost Bonneville In 1986 



Fish and Wildlife 

 Projects 



33 projects to find new or 

 improve existing spawning 

 and rearing habitat for 

 wild fish 



21 projects to improve 

 hatchery production or build 

 new hatcheries 



14 projects to help young 

 fish migrating downstream 



19 projects to move adult 

 fish upstream to spawning 

 sites 



12 projects to investigate 

 hydro impacts on upriver 

 game fish 



13 projects to improve 

 wildlife habitat 



Total 



Cost 

 (in millions) 



$9.0 



Who How Much 



(SMillions) 



Fish and Wildlife 



Agencies i $10.5M 



Indian Tribes $ 2.8 



Bureau of Reclamation $ 3.2 



U.S. Forest Service $ 1.8 



U.S. Army Corps of 



Engineers $ 2.0 



Universities: Oregon 



State University, 



University of Idaho, 



University of Washington, 



Washington State 



University $ 1.1 



Private Consultants $ 0.7 



Others (e.g. Public 



Utilities $ 2.9 



Total 



4.6 



4.6 

 3.1 



2.6 



1.1 

 $25.0 



Who Got the Money 

 to Do the Work 



Per 

 Cent 



42% 



11% 



13% 



7% 



8% 



4% 

 3% 



12% 



$25.0M 100% 



' Breakdown by individual fish and wildlife agencies: 



National Marine Fisheries Service 



Oregon Dept. of Fish & Wildlife 



Montana Dept. of Fish, Wildlife & Parks 



U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service 



Idaho Fish & Game 



Pacific Marine Fisheries Commission 



Washington Depts. Fish & Game 



$10.5M 



((onlinued trom p.i^r 71 



be carried out on federal land, the appropriate 

 land-management agencies become involved. 

 The Bureau of Land Management, the National 

 Park Service and the U.S. Forest Service each 

 administers large sectors of the Columbia River 

 Basin. In some cases, they directly or indirectly 

 manage fish and wildlife. In each instance 

 these agencies play a consulting and coordinat- 

 ing role in the Program. Occasionally, projects 

 take place on lands governed by state agencies 

 such as the Washington Department of Natural 

 Resources. 



Issues 



Complex problems seldom lend themselves to 

 easy solutions. No single approach can solve 

 the problem of dwindling salmon and steel- 

 head populations in the Columbia River Basin. 

 Increasing fish production, providing safe pas- 

 sage during migration and managing harvest 

 effectively are all needed. It is essential that 

 these three approaches be integrated if they 

 are to be most effective, and even, in some 

 cases if they are to avoid doing more harm 

 than good. 



While all parties will agree on what needs to 

 be done, it's the how and who that sometimes 

 gets in the way of progress. What we have is a 

 wide range of jurisdictions and interest groups 

 and multiple species of salmon. What we don't 

 have is easy answers. Many issues are still unre- 

 solved. 



How Much are the Ratepayers Able 

 and Willing to Pay? 



Dams were built for many purposes. For 

 example, water behind a dam can be used to 

 produce electricity or to irrigate crops. How 

 many fish are lost when water is held to keep 

 boat ramps afloat? How many are lost when 

 spring flows are held back to control floods? 

 What about managing the river for barge traf- 

 fic? Ratepayers are not supposed to pay for fish 

 losses caused by all these other uses of hydroe- 

 lectric dams. 



Some fish biologists believe that the Colum- 

 bia cannot tolerate a continuing decline in fish 

 runs at any price. Yet when it comes to increas- 

 ing fish runs, and how far to go, there are 

 financial limits. 



The Program represents "the largest effort at 

 biological restoration in the world in terms of 

 annual dollar inputs."^ The Council estimates 

 that the Program could end up costing as 

 much as $1 billion. 



-Kai Lee, Northwest Power Planning Council member, 1985 



12 



Backgrounder 



