The Council 

 has estimated 

 that Columbia 

 River fish runs 

 once ranged 

 between 11 

 and 16 million 

 fish each year. 



Salmon It-dps a 

 ladder In eastern 

 Washington 



(I Orsborni 



The Bureau, in accordance with the Pro- 

 gram, has repaired fish ladders and installed 

 barriers to keep fish out of dead-end canals. In 

 other areas, the Bureau has altered dam opera- 

 tions to improve fish survival. 



Non-Federal Dam Operators and FERC 



Private and publicly-owned utilities that 

 have designed and built their own dams on the 

 Columbia system also have responsibilities for 

 fish and wildlife. For the most part, they must 

 pay for fish projects taking place at their own 

 dams. In some cases, they share the costs of 

 building new fish ladders and hatcheries with 

 Bonneville. The Federal Energy Regulatory 

 Commission, too, has new duties under the 

 Act. FERC had its beginnings in the 1920 Fed- 

 eral Water Power Act. It was created to issue 

 licenses for non-Federal hydroelectric projects. 

 It now must consult with fish and wildlife 

 agencies and tribes and coordinate its actions 

 with other federal operating and regulating 

 agencies. And it must take the Program into 

 account when making decisions on hydrop- 

 ower activities. 



Federal and State Land Managers 



Because many of the Program's measures, 

 such as habitat improvements, are destined to 



u ontiniR'd on p-i^'" 1-' 



July 1987 



