IIEItMAPIIRODITISM. 



697 



A well-marked example of lateral herma- 

 phroditism among tin: Crnstaee.i 1ms \>een re- 

 corded by Dr. Nicholls.* In a lobster i 

 eta muriiius) he found on the right side of the 

 body a female sexual aperture in its normal 

 sitiiiition at the root of the third leg, and con- 

 nected with a regularly formed oviduct, full of 

 ova. On tin: 1. It side of the animal there was 

 a male sexual aperture placed, as usual, at the 

 root of the fifth leg, and connected internally 

 with an equally perfect testicle and spermatic 

 cord. The general external conformation of 

 the animal corresponded with its internal sexual 

 structure, the right lateral half of the body 

 presenting all the secondary characters and pe- 

 culiarities of the female, and the left all those of 

 the mule; so that if split from head to tail, (to 

 useDr.Nicholls'mode of expression,) the animal 

 would have been perfectly female on the right 

 side, and perfectly male on the left. 



The investigations of Sir E. Hornet led phy- 

 siologists some years ago to believe that among 

 Fishes lateral herniapliroditism constituted the 

 natural type of sexual formation in the genera 

 JNlyxine and Pclromyzon ; but the later and 

 more accurate observations of llathk^J have 

 shewn that these species are strictly bisexual, 

 and that the opposite opinion had arisen from 

 the kidneys of the female having been mistaken 

 for the male testicles. Various instances, how- 

 ever, are on record of fishes, known to be nor- 

 mally bisexual, presenting from abnormal deve- 

 lopement a lateral hermaphroditic structure, or a 

 roe on one side, and a milt on the other. Such 

 an hermaphroditic malformation has been met 

 with in the genera Salmo, G</J,|| and Cy- 

 jir/iuis,^ and in the Mei-langus vulgaris,** Aci- 

 penser huso,^ and Ko.r /Mriuj.JJ 



Of lateral hermaphroditism in Birds, we have 



Phil. Trans, for 1730, no. 413, vol. xxxvi. p. 

 WO, with drawings of the animal, and of its repro- 

 ductive organs. 



t Phil. Trans, for 1823. Art. xii. 



J Bemerkungcn ueber den Innern Bau der 

 Pricke, s. 119. See also additional observations by 

 the same author in Miiller's Archiv fur Anatomic, 

 &c. for 1836. Heft. ii. i. 171. The older error of 

 Cavolini, who supposed that he had detected two 

 ovaries and two testicles in the Perm marina and 

 Labrtu ctiiitniu, (Sulla Generazioue dei Pcschi et dci 

 Granchi, Nap. 1787,) had been previously shewn 

 by Rudolphi to depend upon his having mistaken 

 undeveloped portions of the ovaries for testicles. 

 (SchwiMgger's Skctctloso Thicre. s. 204; and Ab- 

 handlungen. Konig. Akad. der Wissenschaft zu 

 Berlin, 1R25. p. 48.} 



6 Commrrcium Litter. Norim. 1734. Hebd. 39. 



|| Pipping, Vetensk. Akad. nya Handl. (1800.) 

 Bd. xxi. s. 33. tab. i. fie. 1. Leuwcnhoeck, K\- 

 peritn. ct Contempl. p. loO. Eph. Nat. Cur. Dec. 

 i. Ann. i. obs. 125. l)u Hamcl, Traite dcs Poitsons, 

 Part ii. p. 130. 



f Alischer, Brcslau. Sammlung. 1720, p. 645; 

 Morand, Mem. de I'Acad. des Sc. 1737. p. 72. 

 Schwalbe, Commer. Lit. Norimb. 1734. p. 305. 



* Marchant. Mem. de I'Acad. dcs Sc. 1737. p. 

 12. Baster, Opusc. Subcesiva, torn. i. p. 138. 



tf Pallas, Reise durch Russc, &c. Theil. ii. s. 

 341. 



t Reaumur, Mem. dc I'Acad. 1737. p. 51. 

 Starke, Eph. Nat. Cur. Dec. iii. ami. vii. and viii. 

 obi. 109. 



one instance recorded by Bcchstein,* in a 

 chicken that had a testicle on tin: rii-lit side of 

 the body, and an imperfect reinl'mm ovary on 

 the left. The external a|M nan I of the bird 

 ii d a mixture of the characters of the two 

 sexes. 



Kudolphi has referred to a second and more 

 ancient example of lateral hermaphroditism in 

 the hen, mentioned by Heide.f The case, en- 

 titled by the author " galli qui putabatur her- 

 maphroditus anatome rudis," is so imperfectly 

 detailed as not to be entitled to much attention. 



We have ourselves been fortunate enough to 

 meet with two domestic fowls that presented in 

 their sexual organization examples of lateral her- 

 maphroditism. In the first of these cases (fi%. 

 290) the female sexual organs were placed on the 



Fig. 290. 



left side of the body, and the ovary (a) and ovi- 

 duct (6) were in all respects apparently natu- 

 rally formed. On the right side, a male vas 

 deferens (</), f about half the normal length, 



Naturgeschichtc der Vocgel, &c. Bd. ii. B. 1219, 

 (1807). 



t Anatome Mytuli : subjecta cst Ccnturia Olisrr. 

 Amstcr. 1684, p. 193, obs'. 95. 



