608 



IIERMAPHRODITISM. 



ran up from the cloaca to opposite the origin of 

 the iliac vessels (c), and during this part of its 

 course was bent into those short transverse zig- 

 zag folds which characterise the structure of this 

 part in the common cock. (See article AVES, 

 vol. i. p. 354.) When it reached the middle 

 third of the kidney (dd), it lost this particular 

 form, became membranous (e), and after pro- 

 ceeding upwards for about an inch, in the com- 

 mon course of the canal, at last disappeared. 

 The convoluted or contorted portion ran over a 

 space of about two and a half inches, and if 

 unrolled would have extended three or four 

 times that length. Its canal was about the 

 usual size of the same part in the perfect 

 cock, and perhaps at some parts even more 

 dilated. Its cavity was filled with a whitish 

 seminal-looking albuminous fluid, which at first 

 prevented a mercurial injection from readily 

 passing through it. There was not any appa- 

 rent vestige of a testicle. The fowl that was 

 the subject of this malformation possessed in 

 an imperfect degree the plumage, comb, spurs, 

 and general appearance of the cock, and when 

 young was considered to be a male until the 

 time it commenced to lay eggs, which it did 

 very constantly, except during the moulting 

 season, up to the time of its death. Its eggs 

 were remarked to be very large. They had re- 

 peatedly been tried to be hatched, but always 

 without success. The bird itself was never known 

 to incubate. It was peculiar in its habits in so 

 far that in the barn-yard it did not associate with 

 the other poultry, and at night roosted sepa- 

 rately from them. It crowed regularly, espe- 

 cially in the morning, and often attempted copu- 

 lation with the hens. 



In the second case, the ovaries and oviduct 

 on the left side of the body were, as in the 

 former example, natural in themselves ; but 

 in the mesometry of the oviduct, a tube of the 

 size of the male vas deferens was found. This 

 tube, like the normal vas deferens, was thrown 

 into the distinctive angular folds. It ran for 

 about an inch and a half through the upper 

 portion of the mesometry, was blind at either 

 extremity, and admitted of being injected with 

 quicksilver. On the right side, there was also 

 a male vas deferens, marked with the characte- 

 ristic angular folds. The contorted portion of 

 this canal only stretched in this instance to 

 about an inch above the cloaca; but the folds 

 were even stronger than in the first case, and 

 the tube itself was rather more dilated. Above 

 or anterior to this convoluted part, the tube be- 

 came straight and membraneous, and ran up in 

 this form for about two inches in its usual 

 track over the abdominal surface of the kidney ; 

 but there was not at its upper extremity any 

 trace of a testicle. This bird presented during 

 life, in a very slight degree only, the appearance 

 of a cock, its comb and spurs being even less 

 developed than in the previous case. It shewed 

 the same solitary habits in the poultry-yard. It 

 layed eggs regularly. On three different occa- 

 sions I had a number of them submitted to 

 incubation, but in none of them was a chick 

 produced. 



In the Quadruped, Schlump* lias mentioned 

 an instance of lateral hermaphroditic malfor- 

 mation. In a young calf he found on the left 

 side, under the kidney, a small testicle having 

 attached to it a vas deferens, which was con- 

 nected with the peritonaeum towards the abdo- 

 minal ring of the same side, and there became 

 lost in the cellular texture of the part. An ovary 

 and Fallopian tube, with an uterus consisting of 

 a single horn only, were connected to the right 

 side of the loins by a ligament. The neck of 

 the uterus lost itself in the cellular substance 

 beneath the rectum, and there was no vagina. 

 The external organs were male, but imperfectly 

 formed. The udder occupied the place of the 

 scrotum. 



In the human subject several different in- 

 stances of sexual malformation have now been 

 met with referable to the head of lateral herma- 

 phroditism. In these cases, along with a tes- 

 ticle on one side, and an ovary on the other, 

 there has generally co-existed a more or less per- 

 fectly formed uterus. The external parts have 

 differed in their sexual characters, in some in- 

 stances being female, in others male, and in 

 others again of a neutral or indeterminate type. 



In man, and in the higher quadrupeds, we 

 have not unfrequently exhibited to us a slight 

 tendency to this unsymmetrical type of sexual 

 structure constituting true lateral hermaphro- 

 ditism in the testicle of one side only des- 

 cending, whilst the other, in consequence of 

 imperfect development, remains within the 

 inguinal ring. In the single unsymmetrical 

 ovary of most female birds and some fishes, f 

 we see a still nearer approach to the state ; and 

 it is worthy of remark, that among birds at 

 least, the single ovary is always placed upon the 

 left side. In lateral hermaphrodites in the hu- 

 man subject, the left side also appears to be that 

 on which we most frequently meet with the 

 female type of the sexual organs. We shall 

 divide the following cases according to the par- 

 ticular sides which were respectively male and 

 female in them. 



1 . Ovary on left side, and testes on the rig/it. 

 a. M. Sue met, in 1746, with an instance of late- 

 ral hermaphroditism in the human subject, in a 

 young person of thirteen or fourteen years of 

 age, whose case was the subject of a Thesis 

 sustained by M. Morand. J Of the internal 



* Arc.hiv. fuer die Thierheilkunde, Bd. ii. Hft. ii. 

 s. 204. 



t In the early embryo ofbirds, the ovaries are ori- 

 ginally double, as pointed out by Emmert, (see Reil'i 

 Archiv for 1811 ;) and as was previously known 

 to Wolff and Hochstetter. ( Anat. Phil. torn. i. p. 

 349.) 



t De Hermaphroditis, Paris, 1749. This, ac- 

 cording to Arnaud, (p. 323,) is the same case of 

 lateral hermaphroditism with that described by 

 Local. If so, the latter author, (probably from 

 drawing his description from memory, and not, 

 as Morand seems to have done, from the parts 

 placed before him,) has stated that along with 

 the testicle and vas deferens on the one side, there 

 existed a vesicula seminalis, and that both sides 

 were provided with round ligaments, the one on the 

 male side forming probably one of the two tubes 

 described by Morand as arising from the testicle. 



