712 



IIERMAPHRODITISM. 



both sides of the body. With this arrange- 

 ment, other malformations by duplicity of the 

 sexual organs are generally combined ; but 

 these are so various in their character as not 

 easily to admit of any useful generalization. 

 In considering this third division of complex 

 hermaphroditism, we shall mention, first, the 

 cases in which two testicles and one ovary are 

 stated to have co-existed ; and secondly, those 

 in which there have been supposed to be pre- 

 sent twit testicles and twa ovaries. 



Two testicles and one ovary. The two dis- 

 sections that we have previously detailed of 

 lateral hermaphroditic insects, (see Lateral 

 Hermapltroditism, p. 696,) shew that in these 

 two cases this variety of sexual duplicity existed. 

 It appears to have been observed also in two 

 instances of hermaphroditic malformation in 

 the quadruped, the histories of which have 

 been described by Mascagni and Mayer. 



In a bull, nine years of age, and which 

 was provided with the usual external organs of 

 the male, Mascagni found internally, on dis- 

 section, a prostrate gland and two perfect 

 vesiculae seminales, vasa deferentia, epidi- 

 dymes, and testicles. The testicles and epi- 

 didymes were injected with mercury through 

 the vasa deferentia. In addition there was dis- 

 covered near the left testicle, and connected to 

 it by peritona'um and bloodvessels, a body 

 having the structure of the female ovary ; and, 

 in its normal situation, there existed a distended 

 double uterus, containing from fifteen to sixteen 

 pounds of a clear fluid. This uterus was 

 furnished with two Fallopian tubes at its upper 

 part, and terminated inferiorly in a vagina, 

 which opened by a small orifice into the male 

 urethra.* 



In a goat dissected by Mayer,f he found 

 two testes with their epididymes fully developed, 

 and vasa deferentia and vesiculaa seminales. 

 One of the testes was placed without and the 

 other still remained within the abdominal cavity. 

 At the same time there were present a large fe- 

 male vagina communicating with the urethra", 

 and a double-horned uterus provided with two 

 Fallopian tubes. One of these tubes terminated 

 in a blind canal, but the other had placed at 

 its abdominal extremity several vesicles, resem- 

 bling, according to Mayer, Graafian vesicles, 

 or an imperfect ovary. The vesiculae seminales 

 and (through regurgitation by the urethra and 

 ejaculatory ducts) the cavities of the vagina 

 and uterus, were filled with about four ounces 

 of a whitish fluid, having the colour and odour 

 of male semen. This fluid could not be found 

 by the microscope to contain any seminal ani- 

 malcules, but only simple and double Monades 

 ( Monades termoncs et guttulas). Bergmann, 

 however, is alleged to have found it, on 

 analysis, to contain the same chemical principle 

 that characterizes human male semen. 



Two testicles and two ovaries. Various in- 

 stances have now been published in which this 

 sexual duplicity has been supposed to exist 



Atti dell' Acad. delle Scienze di Siena, t. viii. 

 p. 201. 



t Iconcs, p. 20. 



among cattle and other domestic quadrupeds, 

 as well as in the human subject. 



One of the free-martins* described by 

 Mr. Hunter comes under this variety. In the 

 case referred to, in the situation of the ovaries 

 " were placed," to use Mr. Hunter's words, 

 " both the ovaria and testicles," or, as Sir 

 Everard Home, in alluding to this case, more 

 justly expresses it, " an appearance like both 

 testicles and ovaria was met with close toge- 

 ther.'^ The two contiguous bodies were nearly 

 of the same size, being each about as large as 

 a small nutmeg. There were no Fallopian 

 tubes running to the ovaries, but a horn of 

 an imperfect uterus passed on to them on each 

 side along the broad ligament. Pervious vasa 

 deferentia were found ; they did not, however, 

 reach up completely to the testicle on either 

 side, or form epididymes. The vesicula' semi- 

 nales were present, and much smaller than in 

 the perfect bull. The external parts appear to 

 have been those of the cow, but smaller than 

 natural. The vagina passed on, as in the cow, 

 to the opening of the urethra, and, after having 

 received it and the orifices of the seminal ducts, 

 it began to contract into a small canal, which 

 ran upwards through the uterus to the place of 

 division of that organ into its two horns. 



Velpeau,J in his work on Midwifery, men- 

 tions that in an embryo calf, he had " found 

 reunited the testicles and ovaries, the vasa 

 deferentia, and uterus." 



In an hermaphroditic foal-ass, Mr. Hunter 

 found both what he considered to be two ovaries 

 placed in the natural situation of these bodies, 

 and two testicles lying in the inguinal rings in 

 a process or theca of peritonaeum similar to 

 the tunica vaginalis communis in the male ass. 

 No vasa deferentia or Fallopian tubes could be 

 detected ; but there was a double-horned 

 uterus present, and from its broad ligaments, 

 (to the edges of which the cornua uteri and 

 ovaries were attached,) there passed down on 

 either side into the inguinal rings a part similar 

 to the round ligament in the female. The 

 horns and fundus of the uterus were pervious ; 

 but its body and cervix, and the canal of the 

 vagina from above the opening of the urethra 

 into it, were imperforate. The external parts 

 were similar to those of the female ass; but 

 the clitoris, which was placed within the 

 entrance of the vagina, was much larger than 

 that of a perfectly formed female ; it measured 

 about five inches. The animal had two 

 nipples. 



Scriba has given an account|| of an herma- 

 phroditic sheep, in which two large testicles 

 are stated to have been found in the scrotum, 

 at the same time that there existed, in their nor- 

 mal situation, two moderately sized ovaries, 

 and a small uterus furnished with two appa- 

 rently closed Fallopian tubes. The external 

 sexual parts appear to have been those of a 



* An. Econ. p. 63-64, pi. ix. 

 t Comp. Anat. vol. iii. p. 322. 

 } Traite do 1'Art rtes Accouchcmcns, t. i. p. 114. 

 $ An. Kcon. p. 58. 



|| Srhriftcu di r Ucscllschaft Naturforschcudcr 

 Fieude zu BcHin, 13d. x. s. 367. 



